APPLE VARIETIES WITH DISEASE RESISTANCE, OBTAINED AT THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STATION FOR FRUIT GROWING VOINEŞTI IN THE PERIOD 2016-2025

Rezumat

The research carried out at the Research and Development Station for Fruit Growing (SCDP) Voinești aimed to evaluate the main agrobiological and technological characteristics of the seven apple varieties with genetic resistance to diseases, approved in the period 2016–2025, in order to highlight their value for the diversification of the assortment and promotion in commercial plantations. The evaluation of the growth vigor in the seventh year after planting, in the trees grafted on the M9 rootstock, highlighted differences between the studied varieties, the trunk diameter varying between 39.5 mm, in the 'Carpathian' variety, and 48.8 mm, in the 'George' variety. At the density of 2,857 trees/ha, the volume of crowns in relation to the unit of area recorded values between 5,150 m³/ha, for the 'Carpatin' variety, characterized by low to medium vigor, and 8,550 m³/ha, for the 'Valery' variety, with higher growth vigor. During the period of full fruiting, the productive potential of the varieties cultivated in a high-density system varied between 28 and 45 t/ha, the highest yields, of over 35 t/ha, being obtained for the varieties 'George', 'Dâmbovițean', 'Valery', 'Brumar' and 'Cezar'. The average fruit mass was between 160 and 190 g, lower values being recorded for the 'Revidar' variety, while the varieties 'Cezar', 'Valery', 'Carpatin' and 'Brumar' stood out for fruits with an average mass of over 175 g. The results highlight the productive and qualitative potential of the analyzed varieties, as well as the opportunity to introduce them into commercial plantations. The diversity of agrobiological properties and resistance to diseases recommend these creations  to complete the apple assortment and develop economically efficient cultivation systems with low environmental impact.