ANNALS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CRAIOVA, Biology, Horticulture, Food products processing technology, Environmental engineering

THE INFLUENCE OF EXTREME TEMPERATURES ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF SOME WOODY SPECIES FROM THE SOUTHWEST AREA OF ROMANIA

Buse-Dragomir Luminita, Nedelcu Raluca — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The temperature differences recorded in recent years have allowed studies to be carried out to explain how plants react to climate change. Both cultivated and wild plants are affected.
In the present study, the physiological parameters of 4 woody species that grow spontaneously in the south-western area of Romania were determined: Juglans regia, Populus nigra, Morus alba and Tilia platyphyllos.
The determinations indicated significant differences in the phenology of these species but also in terms of the intensity with which some vital processes are carried out.
It is obvious that the studies presented cannot be generalized, but they constitute a first step in establishing the influence exerted by extreme temperatures on the analyzed plant species.

STONE UTILISATIONS IN LANDSCAPE APPLICATION IN CRAIOVA CITY

Gruia Marius, Cristina Vladu — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In many ways stones are the bone of the earth. Stone in its many forms is a tangible, useful material that can find a place in every yard. The color selection, texture, cuts and paver size available will cater to any project for landscape. (Kristen Hampshire et al. 2009).
In the beginning, the gardens had a utilitarian purpose, being made up of plants with a food role. Then the gardens take on the role of religious meditation, rest, culture and recreation. (Daniela Posta. 2015).
Stone is a material that is born and evolves in nature as it is detached over time with stable, simple and almost primitive methods. Therefore, together with wood, it is undoubtedly the most suitable material for the formation of forest recreation areas, which are the most widespread means of human contact with nature and its beauties. The use of stone constructions in forest recreation is perfectly in harmony with the natural environment. Thus, people have the possibility to escape from the hectic rhythms of everyday life in forest recreation areas, relax and enjoy the forest through the conveniences offered by the stone constructions. (Vasileios C at al. 2023)

ULTRASOUND APPEARANCE OF THE ENDOMETRIUM AND CLINICAL CORRELATION IN A CASE OF AMENORRHEA

Diana Olimid — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The subject of this paper is the presentation of a clinical case of amenorrhea in a young woman with regular menstrual cycles and a positive pregnancy test. The ultrasound examination of the uterus at 5 weeks and 1 day after the last menstruation showed the absence of a gestational sac and a thin and hypoechoic endometrium. Since the pregnancy test was positive, the ultrasound examination was repeated after 7 days. During this interval, the patient presented a hemorrhage. The ultrasound performed 4 days after showed a thin endometrium with medium echogenicity. Repeating at 48 hours the measurement of the human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone showed low values that decreased, which correlated with the clinical and ultrasound aspects confirmed the diagnosis of early pregnancy failure.

THE SUB-PANNONIC STEPPIC GRASSLANDS FROM LIPOVU (DOLJ), ROMANIA

Simion Ioana — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The present paper proposes the phytosociological framing of the vegetation of grassland from Lipovu (Dolj County) and the attribution of the occupied surfaces to habitats of community importance, brings the necessary arguments for the protection of this grassland and management proposals. Also, indicates the presence of a rare species from Romania's flora (Colchicum arenarium) in this phytosociological context.

DEVELOPMENT OF VEGETATION PHENOPHASES IN SOME PLUM CULTIVARS GROWN IN THE CRAIOVA AREA

Zanfir Valeriu, Mariana Ionescu, Nicolae Gheorghiu — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The paper studied the development of the vegetation phenophases in three plum cultivars (ˈAndreeaˈ, ˈRecordˈ and ‘Čačanská lepotica’), analyzing how climatic variations and environmental factors affect their development. The BBCH scale was used to record the different phenophases. The number of days from November 1 to budding, the duration of budding, the duration of the flowering period, the number of days from the appearance of the fruits to the ripeness for consumption were calculated and it was found that the phenological stages occurred without too great differences from one cultivar to another. This is due, on the one hand, to the fact that the three cultivars were grafted on the same rootstock, and on the other hand, to the close fruit ripening period.

ANALYSIS OF THE DIVERSITY OF SOME HOT PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) POPULATIONS FROM SOUTHWEST ROMANIA ON THE BASE OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTION CHARACTERS

Dinu Maria, Soare Rodica, Ivan Claudia- Georgiana — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study presents the characterization of 10 local hot pepper populations selected from the existing germplasm collection within the vegetable growing laboratory of the Faculty of Horticulture in Craiova regarding morphological and productivity characters. Variability analysis indicated low to high variability for most of the characters studied. The average values ranged between 5.3 cm and 10.1 cm for fruit length, between 1.12 cm and 9.38 cm for fruit diameter, between 1.96 cm and 2.86 cm for peduncle length, and for the index of shape values were between 0.69 and 7.58, indicating a conical-elongate fruit shape in most populations. Regarding the number of fruits per plant, there was a very large variation, from 9.1 fruits/plant at V1 De Mârsani to 107 fruits/plant, and the weight of the fruit was between 2.8 g and 11.1. g, and fruit production/ha varied from 3.5 t and 21.0 t/ha. The differences between the studied populations suggest that they can be used in breeding programs for this species.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN EXTRACTS FROM VARIOUS ORGANS BITTER GOURD (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L.)

Micu Simona-Mariana, Radu Marius-Daniel, Popoviciu Dan Răzvan — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Bitter gourd (Brâncuși cultivar) stems, tendrils and leaves from plants locally grown at the „Ovidius” University, Constanța, were extracted in 70% ethanol solution and analyzed for antioxidant activity.
The highest antioxidant activity was found in tendrils (53.08%), flowers (51.53%) and fruit pulp (49.64%). Lowest values of IC50 were found in flower (34.46 mg/L) and fruit pulp (39.47 mg/L) extracts. These values are high when compared to other known Cucurbitaceae, especially in regard to vegetative organs. Considering the known contents of bioactive compounds in M. Charantia organs, the antioxidant activity cannot be directly correlated to total phenolic concentrations, those of flavonoids or ascorbic acid.

ORGANIC APPLE CULTIVATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION – A CURRENT SITUATION OF CULTIVATED AREAS

Popescu Cosmin, Cosmulescu Sina Niculina — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Apple cultivation is one of the most important, both worldwide and in Europe. This paper aims to analyze the literature and identify current trends in Europe with regard to organic apple cultivation. Data analysis shows an upward trend in cultivated areas, highlighting a growing consumer interest in organic apples, which are produced in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way. Among the countries that grow organic apples, France stands out for an area between 25.65% and 28.76% of the total areas dedicated to this crop in the European Union, while Romania ranks sixth, with approximately 3,883.67 hectares cultivated. Key factors contributing to the development of organic apple cultivation include support policies from the European Union, market demand, and favourable climatic and geographical conditions.

VITICULTURE AND WINEMAKING TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGH-QUALITY WINES AT SCDVV BUJORU

Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study focuses on technological interventions in order to reduce the sulfites addition in white wine production by using carbonic ice and nitrogen. The proposed winemaking technology include temperature-controlled fermentation of grapes must and further temperature-controlled storage of white wine, compared to classic techniques without temperature control.
The results revealed that by using technological interventions with carbonic ice and nitrogen protection the resulted wines are improved from chemical and sensorial point of view.

RESEARCH ON THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME AUTOCHTHONOUS GRAPEVINE CULTIVARS WITH RED WINE GRAPES IN THE SANDY SOILS OF SOUTHERN OLTENIA

Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The research carried out in the period 2021-2023 followed the behavior of four red wine grape cultivars (ˈBăbească neagrăˈ, ˈHaiducˈ, ˈNovacˈ, ˈPandurˈ), studied in the ampelographic collection of the Research and Development Station for the Culture of Plants on Sands Dăbuleni. The obtained results showed that the beginning of bud burst phenophase of these red wine grape cultivars started in the period April 17-24, the earliest being ˈNovacˈ, which beginning of bud burst in the period April 17-May 10. In terms of productivity, the Novac cultivar stood out with a grape yield of 20931 kg/ha, registering a difference of 5061.5 kg/ha compared to the control, statistically assured as significant. The quality recorded at harvest maturity of the grapes showed total sugar content values ranging from 182 g/l for the ˈPandurˈ cultivar to 201 g/l for the ˈBăbească neagrăˈ and ˈNovacˈ cultivars

YOUNG FARMERS, SMALL FARMS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP UNDER THE NEW EUROPEAN UNION GREEN DEAL

Goulas Apostolos, Papachatzis Alexandros — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The European Union in recent years has adopted and implemented a new policy, the European Green Deal, which aspires to be a comprehensive plan to make the EU economy sustainable by turning climate and environmental challenges into opportunities. At the core of this strategy, is agriculture, as it both contributes to and is affected by climate change. This paper investigates the opportunities and challenges facing young farmers, small farms, and agricultural entrepreneurship under the framework of the Green Deal. Especially, it explores how the Green Deal's goals of climate neutrality, biodiversity preservation, and sustainable food systems impact young farmers, small farms and agricultural entrepreneurship, while identifying ways in which they can align their practices with this new policy framework. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to support young farmers and small-scale agricultural entrepreneurs in achieving sustainability while enhancing their economic viability.

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS ON THE GALL BLADDER

Olaru Mariana Luminiţa, Barbu Bianca - Francesca — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper examines the physiological and pathological aspects of the gallbladder, with a particular focus on original research concerning the pathology of gallstones. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying gallbladder disease requires an in-depth analysis of its anatomical structure and physiological functions. Furthermore, the study addresses predisposing factors, genetic determinants, and lifestyle influences, which are integral to the pathogenesis of gallbladder disorders and provide a basis for their prevention and management. The research also evaluates various surgical interventions for the treatment of prevalent gallbladder pathologies, comparing their efficacy in a specific patient cohort. Emphasis is placed on the gallbladder's critical role in the digestive process, as it contributes to the integrated functioning of the body's organs.

THE GENETIC VARIABILITY IN TOMATO GENOTYPES L-11/53 AND V 5 GROWN IN PROTECTED SPACES

Sfîrloagă Loredana Mirela, Nanu Ștefan, Ilina Maria Diana, Frătuțu Felicia — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The tomato genotypes (L-11/53 and V 5) were subjected to an analysis regarding the variability of the main quantitative fruit characters (fruit weight, fruit height, pericarp thickness). The registered biometric data were statistically processed, calculating for each analyzed character the mean (x̄), the standard deviation (s), the coefficient of variability (s%) and the range of variability (k = x̄ ± s).
The calculation and analysis of the variability of the characters studied in the tomato genotypes L-11/53 and V 5, revealed on average in the two years of the study a small variability for the height of the fruit (s% = 9.37% for L-11/53 and 7.52% for V 5) and medium for pericarp thickness (s% =16.59% for L-11/53 and 15.47% for V 5).
The values of the calculated statistical indices, of the characters taken in the study, require the continuation of the selection process in order to maintain them within the specific limits of variability.

A SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR USAMV BUCHAREST CAMPUS

Vița Ana, Boc Vladimir, Dobrescu Elisabeta, Stănică Florin — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study focuses on the sustainable management of vegetation at the USAMV Bucharest Agronomy-Herăstrău campus, an urban green space with exceptionally high biodiversity. The campus plays a crucial role in maintaining local ecological balance and provides significant recreational and educational benefits. The research involved a detailed assessment of the vegetation, strategic planning of necessary interventions, and ongoing monitoring of vegetation health. The management plan was developed based on differentiated zoning of the campus, considering the specific characteristics and ecological and recreational needs of each zone. Proposed interventions include restoring degraded areas, creating new green spaces, implementing an educational thematic trail, and installing informative labels for trees and shrubs. Monitoring the vegetation and enhancing species collections are essential for maintaining and improving biodiversity on the campus

TREE DIVERSITY AND RESILIENCE IN BUCHAREST URBAN PARKS

Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Urban parks are essential for maintaining biodiversity in cities. This study assesses the tree diversity and ecological resilience, and stress tolerance of species in five major parks in Bucharest: Herăstrău, Kiseleff, Tineretului, Cişmigiu, and Carol. A total of 125 species from 32 families were recorded, with the highest diversity in Cişmigiu and Carol and the lowest in Kiseleff. NMDS analysis revealed similar species compositions in all parks except Kiseleff, which was distinct. No significant correlations were found between species richness and park size or age, suggesting other factors, such as management, play a larger role. Species with higher tolerance to drought and air pollution are significantly more present in Bucharest’s parks, while pest tolerance shows no significant difference in their presence. The predominance of non-native species, particularly invasive ones in Cişmigiu and Tineretului, underscores the need for better management. ANOVA results confirmed significant differences in the distribution of non-native species categories, emphasizing the importance of targeted strategies to control invasive species and promote native biodiversity.

URBAN LANDSCAPE DESIGN - A COMMUNITY-ORIENTED PROPOSAL FOR CRAIOVA OLD TOWN

Andreea Melinescu — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study focuses on designing a green space in Craiova's Old Town, aiming to improve residents' well-being through nature integration. Using 3D landscaping software, a 270 m² area was designed with features like terraces covered in Wisteria sinensis, green walls, aromatic plants and fruit trees, promoting the concept of Edible City Solutions. The design also includes community-oriented elements such as a stage for events. This project serves as a model for sustainable urban green spaces, enhancing social interaction and environmental quality while fostering a deeper connection between people and nature

THE RESPONSE OF NAJDARED APPLE CULTIVAR TO BRANCHING IN THE TREE NURSERY ACCORDING TO THE APPLIED TECHNIQUES

Peșteanu Ananie, Gaberi Valentin — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The experiment was carried out in the years 2021 - 2022, in a commercial nursery of the company SRL "Vindex Agro", where Najdared trees grafted on the M9 T337 rootstock served as biological material. Planting of rootstocks was carried out in the spring of 2021. The grafting method was Chip budding and planting distance was 0,8x0,35 m. In order to intensify the formation of the anticipated shoots in the area of the crown formation, various technological processes were used: V1. Free eyelid growth (control); V 2. Progerbalin LG, 25 ml; V 3. Progerbalin LG, 25 + 25 ml; V 4. Progerbalin LG, 25 ml + topping of apical leaves; V 5. Progerbalin LG, 25 + 25 ml + topping of apical leaves; V 6. Gerba 4 LG, 25 ml; V 7. Gerba 4 LG, 25 + 25 ml; V 8. Gerba 4 LG, 25 ml + topping of apical leaves; V 9. Gerba 4 LG, 25 + 25 ml + topping of apical leaves. It has been established that the most reasonable garnishing of the crown formation with anticipated shoots at Najdared cultivar was obtained by topping the apex area once when the graft reaches 65-70 cm height combined with twice sprays with Progerbalin LG and Gerba 4 LG growth regulators. The first treatment was done after topping the apical leaves and the next at 5-7 days late.

THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH AND FRUITING OF SOME APPLE CULTIVARS IN MĂRĂCINENI-ARGEȘ AREA

Ștefan (Untaru) Roxana Ionela, Botu Mihai, Eugenia Mareși — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Research was carried out in an apple field trial established in 2022 at Genetic and Breeding Department of RIFG Pitești-Mărăcineni, Romania. The following determinations were carried out: trees vigour (trunck diameter – mm; crown dimensions – cm; number and lenght of the annual shoots – cm) and yield (kg/tree). As results of the investigations we found that: the highest vigour was obtained at ‘Aura’ (45.50 mm) and ‘Rubinola’ (42.83 mm) cultivars in 3rd fertilization variant (Biohumus – 0,9 l/tree, soil application + Algacifo 3000 – 3 l/ha, foliar application); the best results regarding the fruits yield were also obtained in the 3rd fertilization variant (Biohumus – 0,9 l/tree, soil application + Algacifo 3000 – 3 l/ha, foliar application), among the cultivars being noted the ‘Luna’ cv. with an average fruit yield of 20.18 kg/tree and ‘Rebra’ cv. with 18.49 kg/tree.

THE IMPACT OF THE FOLIAR FERTILIZATION ON THE SWEET CHERRY TREE PRODUCTIVITY

Bălan Valerian, Bilici Inna, Russu Stanislav, Buza Cornel — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to determine the impact of the nanotechnology-based foliar Pistachio Mix Plus NPA fertilizer on the yield and quality of sweet cherries. The research has been conducted using the 'Kordia' sweet cherry variety grafted on the Gisela 6 rootstock and planted at a distance of 4x1 m. Between 2023 and 2024, the foliar fertilizer was used during four phenophases of flower bud development in a dose of 2.5 l/ha. The fruit yield increased by 14.9-30.1%, when the Pistachio Mix Plus NPA was used 2.5 l/ha three times, in comparison with the yield of the sweet cherry trees which were not treated with the fertiliser. The foliar fertilization with microelements has increased the number of fruits with a diameter larger than 30 mm by 64.6-65.4%. Thus, the fruit yield and quality can be improved in sweet cherry orchards using nanotechnology-based foliar fertilizers during three fruiting phenophases, namely pink-white bud + petal shedding + the beginning of ripening.

MODERN PRODUCTIVITY ELEMENTS OF LOCAL AND AUTOCHTHONOUS GRAPE CULTIVARS FROM THE AMPELOGRAPHIC COLLECTION OF RDSVW DRĂGĂŞANI

Sergiu-Ștefan Gorjan, Ionuţ Boştinaru, Ion BogdanTruşcă, Raluca Iuliana Popescu — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study was carried out in the ampelographic collection of RDSVW Drăgăşani, a collection that is part of the national viticultural germplasm. During the period of 2020-2022, the productivity elements of local and autochthonous Romanian grape cultivars were monitored, demonstrating the fact that they are grape cultivars of a certain value both from a productive and qualitative point of view. In addition to the observations and determinations made in the collection field, statistical significance was determined by the post hoc Tukey test (p0.05).The purpose of this study was to enhance the value of these Romanian grape cultivars in order to obtain quality white and red wines, their promotion in the future, so as not to lose a valuable national viticultural genetic fund.
INTRODUCTION

A STUDY OF SPATIAL VARIABILITY IN A CHESTNUT ORCHARD (Castanea sativa) FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE PURPOSES

Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this study is to study the variability of apparent electrical conductivity, quantity, and quality characteristics in a chestnut farm. The experiment took place in a chestnut orchard located in Agia, Larissa, Greece during the 2022 – 2023 growing season (April 2023 – October 2023), and specifically from the stage of tree dormancy to the stage of harvesting. All cultivation treatments were performed uniformly according to the farmer’s protocols. Soil data and chestnut samples were taken and evaluated to measure the above-mentioned variables (apparent electrical conductivity, quantity, and quality characteristics). The results showed that there was no significant correlation between apparent electrical conductivity and chestnut quality or quantity. They also showed obvious correlation between quantity and quality of chestnuts (high mass means plenty of chestnuts and vice versa).

EVALUATION OF THE PRE (PLANT RISK EVALUATION) INSTRUMENT IN THE SCREENING OF ORNAMENTAL PLANT SPECIES FROM ROMANIA USED IN URBAN LANDSCAPING

Raicu Maria, Camen-Comănescu Petronela, Urziceanu Mihaela, Toma Florin — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of our study is to test the applicability of the PRE (Plant Risk Evaluation) tool under the conditions of the temperate continental climate in Romania. This tool can provide a promising basis for the evaluation of ornamental plants used in urban landscaping in Romania. For testing, we used 10 alien species of ornamental plants declared invasive in Romania and 10 alien non-invasive ornamental species. For each species, we created an evaluation sheet that includes the questions, answers, score, degree of confidence and bibliographic list. The final score obtained using the PRE varied between 20-22 points for invasive plants, indicating a high risk of invasiveness and between 3-9 points for non-invasive plants, indicating a low degree of invasiveness.

EVALUATION OF THE TREE VIGOUR AND ANNUAL GROWTH OF SOME ROMANIAN WALNUT GENOTYPES FROM RIFG PITESTI COLLECTION

Untaru Aurelian Valentin, Botu Mihai, Stan Adelina — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The walnut crop has a long tradition on the territory of Romania. One of the problems of walnut crop is tree size (about 25-30 m high), which makes difficult some technological practices (pruning, spraying and harvesting). The low vigour of the trees is not the most important objective in walnut breeding program, but it is necessary to find the genitors with this trait. The goal of this paper, is to evaluate the trees vigour of 32 Romanian walnut genotypes, from germplasm fund of RIFG Pitesti, Romania in order to identify the most valuable genotypes that will be recommended for spread in commercial orchards or use as genitors in breeding works. The results obtained have highlighted the fact that in walnut collection from RIFG Pitesti there is a large phenotypic diversity. The genotypes 'Sibișel 252', 'Claudia Ioana', 'Ciprian Ion', 'Geoagiu 265', 'Germisara', 'Jupânești', 'M 44-39', 'Orăștie', 'Roxana', 'Sarmis', 'Sibișel 44' were noted with low vigour. Also, 'Dacus' - generative rootstock has had a low vigour and can be recommended for grafting of walnut cultivars intended for intensive orchards.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HACCP SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCT BREAD WITH POTATOES

Căpruciu Ramona, Rădănuț Alexandra Florina — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Bread is a product that has undergone a wide range of changes depending on the region, people, or culture and has become a symbol in certain parts of the world. In recent times the taste of the bread buyer has been modernized, with different secondary raw materials (seeds, potatoes, olives, onions, etc) being introduced into the dough.
Implementing the quality manual in a company whose main activity is bakery for the production of the product bread with potatoes consisted of going through the stages of the HACCP system, in strict compliance with the principles of HACCP. The main points were: checking the documentary system, establishing the work team, describing the product and distribution methods, describing the raw and secondary materials, constructing the technological flow diagram, determining the critical control points, and validating the HACCP plan.

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLIMATE ON THE PHENOLOGY OF THE VARIETIES FOR BLACK GRAPEVINES GROWN IN THE BANU MĂRĂCINE VITICULTURAL CENTER

Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Each wine-growing area is characterized by the presence of a complex of climatic, edaphic and anthropogenic factors, which can influence the moment of the onset of the phenophases, the duration of the phenophases, the quality and quantity of grape production, depending on the genetic characteristics of the varieties, the specific climatic conditions of the crop year and by the applied technology. Starting from these considerations, the present work represents a preliminary stage of a case study regarding the observation of how 3 grape varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Fetească neagra go through the main phenophases in the climatic conditions specific to the Banu Maracine wine center in the year 2023, as well as the evaluation of the productive results obtained. The study proves to be important in the context of the changes found in the course of the phenophases as a result of the climate changes that have occurred in recent years.

THE STUDY OF THE ADAPTABILITY OF TWO CHOKEBERRY VARIETIES IN THE DOBROGEAN AREA – PARTIAL RESULTS

Vlăduț Alexandru Opriță — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The cultivation of fruit bushes in Romania has recently grown exponentially, which has led to the diversification of cultivated shrub species. If in the first part of this interest for shrubs sea buckthorn was by far the winner with the establishment of more than 3,000 ha nationally, followed by the blueberry crop with another 2,000 ha, aronia has become a crop that shows increased interest from farmers. At present, chokeberry cultivation amounts to over 500 ha at the national level. In the official catalog of varieties from Romania, we find a variety registered ”Melrom” maintainer being ICDP Pitesti, and in private nurseries we also find the variety ”Nero”, a variety brought to Romania for testing and acclimatization. In this paper, we observed the two varieties ”Melrom” and ”Nero”, varieties planted in the fall of 2023 in the experimental fields of SCDP Constanța.

WILD FRUITS – A REVIEW OF FOOD AND MEDICAL IMPORTANCE

Stamin Florin Daniel, Cosmulescu Sina Niculina — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Wild fruits can be consumed in different forms, both fresh and integrated into processed foods such as spreads, juices, or even pastries and confectionery. Introducing them as functional foods into the daily menu can contribute to postponing or avoiding the onset of certain diseases, constituting an important source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, with significant prophylactic effects. The wide range of benefits brought by consuming these fruits represents an important source of food supplements useful in primary medicine. The purpose of this paper was to review the specialized literature regarding the methods of consuming wild fruits and the beneficial effects of this habit on human health.

ON THE SPECIFIC COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERA ORTHETRUM NEWMAN, 1833 AND LIBELLULA LINNAEUS, 1758 (ODONATA, ANISOPTERA) IN DOLJ COUNTY, ROMANIA

Babalean Anda Felicia — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presents recent faunistic data on two dragonfly genera – Orthetrum and Libellula in Dolj county. The genus Orthetrum was found to be represented by 4 species: O. cancellatum (Linnaeus, 1758), O. albistylum (Selys, 1848), O. coerulescens (Fabricius, 1798) and O. brunneaum (Fonscolombe, 1837). The genus Libellula was found to be represented by 2 species: L. fulva Müller, 1764 and L. depressa Linnaeus, 1758.

THE STUDY OF SOME APPLE GENOTYPES WITH RESISTANCE TO DISEASES CANDIDATE FOR OBTAINING NEW VARIETIES

Gavrilă Marian-Florin, Petre Gheorghe, Comănescu Daniel — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The researches performed at Voineşti Research and Development Station for Fruit Growing in the apple breeding program for obtaining varieties with resistance to diseases highlights the biological characteristics of some existing genotypes in the competition microculture established in 2019. In the 11 apple genotypes taken in the study, compared to the 'Florina' variety taken as a reference, it is analysed the evolution of the flowering phenophases, the period of fruit ripening and storage, as well as the quality determined by biomass, dry matter content and firmness of the pulp during 2022-2024. Some of the apple genotypes in the competition microculture meet the requirements imposed for the approval of new varieties with resistance to diseases, which can meet the market requirements and the expansion in modern orchards from the established orchards. From the recording of the flowering phenophases, it is noted that they are advanced by about two weeks in the year 2024, compared to the years 2022 - 2023, due to the increase in temperatures in March, against a background of sufficient moisture, being a signal for the study of phenology in the face of climate change. The apple genotypes with disease resistance present fruits intended for fresh consumption, most with winter ripening, with a compact, consistent firmness and an appreciable dry matter content, characteristics that promote them for the approval of new varieties. Three of the apple genotypes were registered for homologation, one becoming the 'George' variety, being appropriate to the demands of the producer, sensitive to economic efficiency, with quality fruits, which will certainly meet the ever-increasing consumer demands.

PROMOTING A NEW SPECIES IN CULTURE TO INCREASE THE FERTILITY OF ACID SOILS IN NORTH-WESTERN ROMANIA USING MODERN AGRICULTURAL MACHINES

Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The research conducted at Livada ARDS in the 2023-2024 agricultural year aims to identify new plant species with high yield, quality, and adaptability to acidic soils. By cultivating and expanding these species, we can select those with the widest ecological plasticity for use in green crops (cover crops), animal feed, human food, and biomass production. This cannot be done without modern agricultural machines and drones.

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE PROTECTED AREA PREAJBA-FACĂI LACUSTRINE COMPLEX, DOLJ, ROMANIA

Răduțoiu Daniel, Răduțoiu Amira-Vasilica — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of the present research was to identify all vascular species of aquatic and marsh plants within the protected area Preajba-Făcăi Lacustrine Complex (Code 2394, Law 5/2000). The area is located in the central-eastern part of Dolj county (Romania), northwards of Preajba settlement and less than 10 km far from the city of Craiova. The authors present a floristic inventory that brings together the aquatic and marsh species within the territory under study, the corresponding distribution in the area being mentioned for each of them. The presence of certain taxa of sociological importance in the flora of Romania (e.g. Cirsium creticum) is noted, while the presence of others in the spontaneous flora of Oltenia (e.g. Vallisneria spiralis) is reconfirmed. Moreover, the authors discuss the influence of the anthropic factor on this area, in conjunction with the effects of climate changes, which are increasingly visible.

MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SOME VEGETABLE SPECIES COMMERCIALIZED ON LOCAL AND SUPERMARKET MARKETS

Tuțulescu Felicia, Ionica Mira Elena — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Fruits and vegetables are an important part of the human diet, providing essential vitamins, minerals and fiber and adding variety to the diet. In the Food Guide Pyramid, the US Department of Agriculture encourages eating 3-5 servings of vegetables and 2-4 servings of fruit per day (León J.S, 2009). The present study aims at microbiological analysis of frequently consumed vegetables. It was found that the highest loading was on cucumbers and lettuce and the lowest on peppers and tomatoes. Refrigerated storage for 7 days resulted in an increase in the number of microorganisms

OBSERVATIONS ON THE STRUCTURE, DYNAMICS AND ABUNDANCE OF ARTHROPOD SPECIES FROM POTATO CROPS IN RĂDĂUTI AREA, SUCEAVA COUNTY

Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The collection of the material was done with the help of Barber pitfall traps in a potato crop in the NE area of Romania, in the town of Rădăuti. Suceava county. The observations were made in 2022 in an autumn potato crop, the Gared variety using 3 experimental variants:
- V1- potato grown in ecological system (with treatments approved in ecological agriculture); - V2- potato grown in a conventional system (with chemical treatments);
- V3- potato cultivated without treatments.
For each variant, 12 traps were used placed on two rows at a distance of 10-12m between traps per row and at 6-8m between rows. The material was collected from May to September, making a total of 4 collections. The determination of the collected material was done with the help of determinants and specialized sources on the Internet. The collected arthropods belong to the following groups: insects and mites. Among the insects collected, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and Heteroptera species were most frequently collected. Coleoptera were determined to species level. the other arthropods were determined to order level. Among the more numerous coleoptera were species of carabids, chrysomelids, elaterids and staphylinids.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN PROGRESS FOR FIELD PEAS (Pisum sativum L.)

Nicolaie Ionescu, Diana Popescu, Cătălin Dinuță — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Since ancient times, the field pea has stood out, on the one hand, for its special nutritional value, and, on the other hand, for the favorable impact it leaves on the environment through cultivation. Currently, more and more performing varieties are obtained and with increased adaptability in different environmental conditions. Recently, the plant is also recommended for the establishment of green, protective crops, including in horticulture. It is believed that by growing peas, there is also a conservation of CO2, as a response to the need to reduce the phenomenon of global warming. The new pea variety Avatar thus has a number of improved morphological characters, which proves that pea breeding is making visible progress. Among these new morphological characters, the height of the plant was 80 cm, with the dominant weight of 11 g. The plant had 15 nodes of which the last 6 formed pods. Pod mass was 8 g/plant and contained 22 grains/plant. Pea grains had a mass of 5 g/plant, a diameter of 7 mm, and an absolute mass (BMB) of 260 g. The correlations obtained between these characters showed generally positive trends. Considering the gain of these morphological characters in progress, it is recommended to increase the proportion of the plant in the structure of crops within the farm.

ULTRASOUND EVALUATION OF THE UTERUS AND OVARIES IN A CASE OF AMENORRHEA OCCURING DURING THE ADMINISTRATION OF COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES IN A YOUNG SMOKING WOMAN

Diana Olimid — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The subject of this paper is the presentation of a clinical case of amenorheea occuring during the administration of combined oral contraceptives în a young smoking woman. The ultrasound examination of the uterus after 51 days of amenorrhea showed a hyperechoic and thickened endometrium. The measurement of the chorionic gonadotrophin showed a value of 835.8 mUI/ml, which corresponds to a pregnancy of 5 or 6 weeks of gestation. The ultrasound examination was repeted after 66 days of amenorrhea and an intrauterine pregnancy with a viable embryo was observed. The embryo had a crown-rump length of 6.1 mm, corresponding to a pregnancy of 6 weeks and 3 days of gestation.

FOOD SAFETY, A MATTER TO US ALL

Sîrbu Cristiana — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presents the research and information gathered in time about food safety. The term of food safety is relatively a new one, emerged more intensively in the last century. Food safety is conditioned by multiple factors like climate changes, food availability, public and national health, industry, economy. Even though it may seem it concerns food, food safety includes many more aspects. It aims to draw attention and inspire action to help prevent, detect and manage foodborne risks, contributing to food security, human health, economic prosperity, agriculture, market access, tourism and sustainable development. Food safety should concern every human, institution or decision maker.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF OLD VINE VARIETIES IN THE CONTEXT OF ECOPEDOCLIMATIC CHALLENGES AT INCDBH ȘTEFĂNEȘTI, ARGEȘ

Bănuță Florina Mădălina, Stan Ramona, Ciobotea Cristina-Magdalena — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This scientific paper analyzes the agrobiological and technological characteristics of the old autochthonous ancestral grapevine varieties, focusing on the specific ecopedoclimatic conditions of the Ștefănești vineyard, Argeș, in the context of contemporary climate challenges. The study conducted in 2024 at INCDBH Ștefănești examined five distinct varieties: Ardeleanca, Coada oilor, Galbenă uriașă, Gordan, and Coarnă neagră. Advanced analytical techniques were applied to assess fertility, facilitating a thorough understanding of agrobiological dynamics. Additionally, technological variables reflecting productivity, yield, and the biochemical traits of the grapes were investigated. The results obtained highlight a significant variability in phenotypic responses, emphasizing the resilience of these ancestral varieties in the face of climatic stress. The correlations identified between analytical characteristics and sensory traits emphasize their relevance in shaping effective strategies for sustainable viticulture. This paper aims not only to rejuvenate interest in the native viticultural heritage but also to promote the integration of these ancestral varieties into the contemporary viticultural landscape, thereby contributing to the development of viable solutions that meet the sustainability requirements of the wine industry.

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF NUTRITIONAL BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN IRRIGATED AND NON-IRRIGATED SAFFLOWER (CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L.) CULTIVAR CW 4440 ACHENES

Simion Enuță, Popoviciu Dan Răzvan, Doroftei Elena — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Safflower cultivar CW 4440 was grown on two different water regimes: non-irrigated, and full-dose irrigated. Achenes were harvested and taken for biochemical analyses.
They were found to contain low amounts of carotenoids, 2.38-4.38 mg/kg, with notable amounts of lutein and minor concentrations of xanthins. All carotenoids, except for cryptoxanthin, reached their highest values in irrigated plants, while β-carotene was found in detectable amounts only in irrigated plants. Phenolic inventory, on the other hands, was high compared to known data in literature: 40,627-44,574 mg/kg. Of these, hydroxycinnamic acids were dominant, with 26,023-28,233 mg/kg (63-64%). Flavonoids reached 11,854-13,201 mg/kg (29-30%), including a major fraction of flavanols (1,469-1,595 mg/kg). Stilbenes were another major component, with 2,516-2,750 mg/kg. All the highest values were found in irrigated plants.
Oil content ranged from 6.1% in non-irrigated plants to over 11.7% in irrigated ones. Ascorbic acid content was low (349-756 mg/kg), while soluble sugars were 1,731-2,508 mg/kg.
The concentrations of all these compounds, except for cryptoxanthin, were positively correlated to water dosage. The most affected by irrigation regime were carotenoids, ascorbic acids and oil. The least influenced were phenolic compounds.

TWO NEW RED CLOVER VARIETIES SOMEȘAN AND LIVEZEANU CREATED AT A.R.D.S. LIVADA

Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The north western part of the country through A.R.D.S. Livada is a reference point in the improvement of the red clover.As a result of research conducted on this species, by using a diverse germ plasm from different crop areas of red clover, in A.R.D.S. Livada during 1989-2024 were created and recorded 12 synthetic varieties of red clover, two tetraploids and 11 diploids, from which three varieties were patented. The genetic progress made in the improvement of red clover, presented in this paper demonstrates that the new varieties bring an increase in production of 10% to dry mater, 7% to crude protein and 10% to seed compared to the control.

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF NUTRITIONAL BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN SOME MAIZE CULTIVARS (ZEA MAYS L.)

Popoviciu Dan Răzvan, Panaitescu Liliana, Stroe Ciprian-Traian — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Four maize cultivars grown locally, in Constanța county, were anlayized for their bioactive compounds contents.
They were found to contain variable amounts of carotenoids, 10-45 mg/kg, with notable amounts of lutein and lycopene. Phenolic inventory varied between 7,651-10,622 mg/kg, of which hydroxybenzoic acids were dominant (45-63%), followed by flavonoids (mostly flavanols, 21-29%). Ascorbic acid concentration was 165-219 mg/kg.
Soluble sugars were highly variable, with 24,558-62,327 mg/kg, the same being true for lipids, with 24,667-38,000 mg/kg. Oil content ranged from 6.1% in non-irrigated plants to over 11.7% in irrigated ones.
Among the four hybrids, P9415 scored highest in terms of carotenoids (total, lutein, lycopene), total phenolics, hydroxybenzoic acids; P0710 in terms of xanthins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins and stilbenes; P0023 in ascorbic acid and free sugars, while P0216 in terms of lipid content.

CLIMATIC FACTOR INFLUENCE ON FETEASCĂ NEAGRA GRAPE VARIETY BEHAVIOR UNDER DEALU BUJORU VINEYARD CONDITIONS

Tăbaranu Gabriel, Tudor Mihai, Enache Viorica, Ciubucă Aurel — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Fetească Neagră is a notable red grape variety indigenous to Romania. It is primarily grown in regions like Moldova and Muntenia. Fetească Neagră thrives in regions with a continental climate, benefiting from hot summers and cool winters. The current study aims at identifying climate factor modifications during 2019-2023, influencing the selected vine variety. Heat and temperature values, Rainfall regimes and specific vine index (Oenoclimate aptitude index, Huglin heliotermic index, night cooling index) were monitored. Current study results, show important changes of the main indices that define grape and wine quality due to possible global warming phenomena and Bujoru vineyard microclimate modifications. Overall, while global warming presents significant challenges, it also offers opportunities for innovation in viticulture. Fetească Neagră can be used as a bioclimatic indicator due to its sensitivity to climate factor variations. Viticulture strategies are being adapted whit the goal of finding new ways that maintain the regions characteristic Fetească Neagră wine organoleptic profile amidst current climate changes.

RESEARCH ON THE GRAFTING AFFINITY OF VARIETY FOR WHITE WINES ′VRANCEA′ ON ROOTSTOCKS WITH DROUGHT RESISTANCE

Bosoi Ionica, Pușcalău Marioara, Dîrloman Camelia-Alina — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Climate changes have considerably influenced the evolution of the thermal and water regime annually and during the growing season in the viticultural ecosystem of the Odobești vineyard. The use of drought-resistant rootstocks for grafting is one of the solutions to counteract this extreme phenomenon, which is increasingly present in the wine-growing areas of southern Moldova. The present paper presents preliminary results regarding the grafting affinity of the ʹVranceaʹ white wine grape variety created at RDSVO Odobești, on three rootstocks with drought tolerance obtained in the Romanian viticultural research (Drăgășani 70). M.′, ′Crăciunel 71 Bl.′, ′Ruggeri 140 Vl.′). The rootstock ′Berlandieri x Riparia Sel.Oppenheim 4 –4 Bl.′, was taken into the study as a control. The obtained results show a good and very good grafting affinity of the Vrancea variety on the ′Ruggeri 140 Vl.′ rootstock

WOODEN MATERIALS USED IN LANDSCAPE APPLICATION IN CRAIOVA CITY

Gruia Marius, Făniță Georgeta, Tudoran Alina — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

During the history, wood materials have become an indispensable material for human life. (Amati M. 2016). Wood is a material compatible with nature, compatible with other building materials such stone, glasses, offering different texture. (Ahern J. 2007). Wood is one of the materials with best respond to the functions of urban green spaces. First of all, it integrates best, from an aesthetic point of view, alongside stone in urban landscaping projects. (Aybike Ayfer KARADAĞ et al. 2017).Since wood is a natural product, its dimension is limited in that its fibrous structural capacity to bear weight varies according to the fiber direction. Despite its widespread use, it had not been used in multi-storey and wide-span structures to the extent of reinforced concrete and steel structures commonly built after the industrial revolution. (Daniel K, Ternaux E. Materiology. 2009)

THE BODY'S RESPONSE TO STRESS

Olaru Mariana Luminiţa, Ionicoiu Maria – Magdalena — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Stress, an undeniable reality of everyday life, is a natural reaction of the body to any pressure, threat or demand that requires an intense physical or mental response. It has a positive aspect, "good stress", which can provide additional motivation to complete tasks or face challenges. On the other hand, there is also a negative aspect, excessive stress affecting physical, mental and emotional health. In my opinion, in order to be able to cope with stress, it is important to manage changes, accept failures, put our own needs first, communicate clearly and effectively, eliminate negative thoughts and take emotional risks. Deep understanding and developing stress management skills can significantly contribute to improving the quality of life of each individual

THE PEATLAND AND MARSH HABITATS FROM THE GEOPARK PLATEAU MEHEDINŢI, ROMANIA

Simion Ioana — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presents the five wetlands located at different altitudes, in several places from the Geopark Plateau Mehedinți. A few of them have the typical structure of bog and preserve rare plant species of national and EU significance.
The present paper proposes the phytosociological framing of the vegetation of these marshes and the attribution of the occupied surfaces to habitats of community importance.
The article presents the floristic list of wetlands and brings the necessary arguments for the protection of these wetlands and management proposals.

FIRST IDENTIFICATION OF DOWNY MILDEW ON QUINOA (PERONOSPORA FARINOSA F. SP. CHENOPODII) IN ROMANIA: PRELIMINARY RESEARCH

Zală Cristinel Relu, Szilagyi Lizica — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

With the expansion of quinoa cultivation (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) into new areas, including Romania, it is expected that specific diseases will emerge. Currently, downy mildew is the most significant and studied disease affecting quinoa worldwide. This research was conducted in the experimental fields of the UASVM of Bucharest, under the climatic conditions of the 2024 growing season. Two quinoa varieties, supplied by Quinoa Quality ApS, Denmark, were evaluated for their response to the pathogen Peronospora farinosa f. sp. chenopodii. The first detection of downy mildew in quinoa in our country provides an important update to phytopathological research on this crop, which offers numerous economic advantages in the current climate context. The characteristic symptoms of the disease caused by the pathogen Peronospora farinosa f. sp. chenopodii are described. Vikinga was susceptible to downy mildew (AD 6.6%), while Puno showed an insignificant degree of leaf infection (AD 0.65%).

RESEARCH ON CAPITALIZING ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS SPECIFIC TO THE PERIURBAN AREA OF THE CITY OF CRAIOVA THROUGH CULTIVATION GRAPES FOR OBTAINING D.O.C. WINES "BANU MĂRĂCINE"

Costea Dorin Constantin, Mușuroi Alexandra-Nicoleta, Mărăcineanu Liviu Cristian — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The peri-urban area is located on the border between the urban and the rural environment, it has distinct characteristics that reflect the influences of both types of spaces. The Banu Mărăcine wine area is recognized as part of the wine areas with the widest vocation for obtaining wines with the right to carry the designation of controlled origin (D.O.C). Starting from these considerations, vine growers and especially the specialists from the Banu Mărăcine S.D., try to identify possibilities to maintain at a high and constant qualitative level the specific character of wine production, taking into account the climatic changes that have occurred in the last years. The present paper represents a case study regarding the results of grapevine cultivation in the Banu Mărăcine wine area, located in the peri-urban area of the city of Craiova.

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF NUTRITIONAL AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN FRUITS OF KIWANO (CUCUMIS METULIFERUS E. MEY) TEMPUS CULTIVAR

Micu Simona-Mariana, Popoviciu Dan Răzvan — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Locally-grown kiwano fruits, Tempus cultivar, were evaluated for their content in some main classes of nutritional organic compounds. With 448/98 mg/kg DW (pulp/peel) total carotenoid content was average when compared to other Cucurbitaceae. Among identifiable carotenoids, lycopene was the only one in notable amounts, in peel (12% of total carotenoids). With 51,751/37,624 mg/kg, total phenolic inventory was extremely rich. Flavonoids were clearly dominant (78/49%). Hydroxycinnamic acids were found in significant proportions (11/27%). Fruit pulp also showed some amounts of tannins (5.9%) and stilbenes (2%), while coumarins were found in low amounts. Ascorbic acid was abundant, 20,140 mg/kg in pulp and 7,689 mg/kg in peel. Soluble sugars were 15,915 /6,634 mg/kg while lipids were 5,556 /2,721 mg/kg.

ASPECTS CONCERNING RESULTS OBTAINED THROUGH IMPROVEMENT ACTIVITIES PERFORMED UPON SOME AUTOCHTHONOUS AND FOREIGN VINE KINDS

Popa Aurel, Tuțulescu Felicia — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The present work does illustrate through some rather detailed examples the creation process throughout Romania of some new (and most useful in current culture) vine kinds. The materials made use of in this taken action have consisted in both indigenous and foreign (imported after the phylloxera’s disaster) kinds. The chosen genitors as well as the surfaces nowadays cultivated with those newly created vine kinds are therefore enumerated in their details. Recommendations are suggested in view of ensuring their best ever respective performances.

STUDY OF THE POLYPHENOLIC POTENTIAL OF RED WINE GRAPE VARIETIES CULTIVATED IN DIFFERENT VINEYARD AREAS IN OLTENIA

Stoica Felicia, Muntean Camelia, Băducă Cîmpeanu Constantin — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The basic idea that governs the tracking of the ripening of grapes, in order to determine the time of harvest, is that the grapes harvested at the best time, considered optimal, allow the extraction of the maximum quality from the constituents of the grains (in our case, the maximum of phenolic compounds).
The degree of ripening of the grapes largely determines the must yield during primary vinification, but especially the composition and quality of the resulting wine. A premature harvest leads to a decrease in the must yield, while a delay results in harvest losses and a decrease in the total acidity of the must, both inconvenient situations leading to a decrease in the content of polyphenols.
All these considerations converge towards the final goal, namely, to capitalize as effectively as possible on the oenological potential of the varieties, for the production of quality red wines, polyphenolic and sensorial balanced.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE COLEOPTERAN FAUNA IN THE FOREST ECOSYSTEM LOCATED IN THE NECHIT AREA, NEAMȚ COUNTY

Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this study, the research material is represented by coleopteran species found in a mixed forest In this study, the research material is represented by beetle species found in a mixed forest composed of deciduous and coniferous tree species, covering an area of 8 hectares. The forest is located in an area with rich biodiversity, characterized by a natural succession of tree species and a varied pitfall, which is conducive to the development of diverse fauna.
This paper focuses on analyzing the structure, dynamics, abundance, and ecological role of beetles within this forest ecosystem, emphasizing their interactions with other species and the abiotic environment. The collection of fauna was carried out using pitfall traps type Barber, which are ecological traps, during the year 2024, from July to September, over a period of three months. A total of 6 traps were installed at various marked locations in the forest, depending on vegetation density, to adequately cover habitat diversity. The material from the traps was collected at regular intervals of 10-14 days to monitor the activity of beetle species. Throughout the study, 6 collections of entomological material were conducted on the following dates: July 10, July 22, July 31, August 14, August 28, and September 11. Among the most frequently collected species are Poecilus cupreus, Necrophorus vespillo, Geotrupes vernalis, Aptinus bombarda, and Silpha carinata. These species have a significant ecological impact on the ecosystem, playing key roles in organic matter decomposition and nutrient recycling, pollination processes, and controlling populations of harmful insects. Additionally, some of these species may be classified as harmful fauna in certain contexts, having the potential to affect the natural balance of other insect species or even the vegetation. However, overall, the majority of the beetle species collected in this study have a beneficial role and are essential for maintaining the health of the analyzed forest ecosystem.

FARM TO FORK STRATEGY: A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR RURAL COMMUNITIES

Goulas Apostolos, Papachatzis Alexandros — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Farm to Fork (F2F) strategy, a key pillar of the European Green Deal, offers a comprehensive and sustainable solution for food systems, with particular benefits for rural communities. This strategy emphasizes the transformation of food production, processing, distribution, and consumption to achieve environmental sustainability, economic resilience, and food security. As rural communities often face unique challenges—such as limited access to markets, declining populations, and environmental degradation—the F2F strategy provides an integrated approach to addressing these issues. By promoting shorter supply chains, organic farming, reduced pesticide use, and climate-resilient agricultural practices, the F2F strategy can enhance rural livelihoods while contributing to global climate and health goals. This paper examines the economic, environmental, and social impacts of the F2F strategy on rural communities, and highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with its implementation. It argues that, while the strategy holds great promise for promoting sustainable rural development, its success depends on adequate financial support, infrastructure investments, and education for farmers and stakeholders.

FAMOUS FLORIBUNDA ROSES FROM THE BOTANIC GARDEN “DIMITRIE BRANDZA” ROSARIUM IN BUCHAREST

Negulici Eduard Marius — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Since the beginning of time, flowers have been a way to celebrate all the major events in our life. Roses breeders captured moments in history from famous painters like ‘Paul Gauguin’ or great personalities such as ‘Queen Elizabeth’, to melodies that we are remembering since the first time we heard them, like Gershwin’s ‘Rhapsody in Blue’. In this paper we will try to highlight some floribunda roses that are famous by their name and the importance they represent for the collections of roses.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS ACTIVITIES OF MELON CULTIVARS UNDER FLOODING ENVIRONMENT

Musa Seymen, Havva Nur Kıratlı, Bilal Acar — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Flooding is such a stress factor leading to reduction in both the yield and quality of crops. One practical solution lowering yield and quality performances of crops in areas with flooding risks is to practice of tolerant plant cultivars. The major purpose of the present work was to identify the most suitable cultivars within 11 different Kırkağaç melon cultivars in accordance of photosynthesis activities. In such pot experiment, all treatments were irrigated with same amount of water during stages of seed sowing-initial of stress applications, and 10-day stress was applied to treatments having the flooding stress in time with plants having four-five leaves. In plants, harvested just after stress application, leaf temperature, stomata conductivity, quantum yield of photosynthesis, and photochemical yield of photosystem II were examined. In results, flooding stress had no significant effects on leaf temperature and stomata conductance but resulted important reductions in quantum yield of photosynthesis, and photochemical yield of photosystem II. There were observed changes among cultivars, and Sürmeli F1 (V-5), Kırkağaç local cultivar (V-10) and Kyrgyzstan local cultivar (V-11) performed maximum photosynthesis activity.

STUDY ON THE HEALTH STATUS OF TREES IN THE USAMV BUCHAREST CAMPUS

Vița Ana, Mănescu Cristina, Dobrescu Elisabeta, Stănică Florin — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study explores the importance of urban vegetation, focusing on the campus of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine in Bucharest (USAMV). The 37-hectare campus serves as a biodiversity core in the heart of the city, supporting a diverse range of plant species that contribute to a favorable microclimate and support of local biodiversity.
The inventory and monitoring of campus trees was done using the TreePlotter Inventory software, an advanced tool that allows the collection and analysis of data on the condition and distribution of vegetation. The results showed that most trees were in excellent or good condition. The conclusions reveal the importance of using the results of the study to develop a landscape management plan for the next 10 years.

INSECTS AS SOURCE OF ACTINOBACTERIA

Ciupeanu Călugăru Eleonora Daniela, Țucă Ovidiu — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Actinobacteria, a group of Gram-positive, filamentous bacteria known for their extensive production of bioactive compounds, are widely recognized for their role in microbial ecology and biotechnology. Insects, particularly those with specialized diets or complex social structures, have evolved intricate symbiotic relationships with Actinobacteria, which provide crucial benefits to their hosts. This paper examines the interactions between insects and Actinobacteria, focusing on the protective roles these bacteria offer to their insect hosts, their ecological significance, and their potential applications.

THE PALETTE OF COLORS IN THE AUTUMN LANDSCAPE OF ROMANESCU PARK

Melinescu Andreea — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the influence of autumn colors on the aesthetic and emotional impact of the landscape in Nicolae Romanescu Park, Craiova, Romania. Using digital photography and Adobe Photoshop, a color palette was generated to analyze the hue, saturation, brightness (HSB), and CIELab* parameters of the vegetation. Results show that the autumn palette is dominated by green and yellow hues, with a visible gradient in leaf colors reflecting seasonal changes. Warm colors provide visual energy and create a sense of movement, while green tones maintain balance and tranquility. These findings demonstrate how color can shape the aesthetic appeal of landscapes and affect the emotional well-being of visitors.

BEHAVIOR OF APPLE TREES ON GENEVA SERIES ROOTSTOCKS ON LAND REPLANTED AFTER THE ORCHARD

Peșteanu Ananie, Cumpanici Andrei — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The investigations were carried out in the apple plantation of "Viorix-Agro" Ltd., in the spring of 2022. The trees, planted at a distance of 3.5x0.8 m and trained after the crown vertical axis, were grafted on rootstocks M9, G11 and G41 for Gala Nikangie cultivar and on rootstock G11 for Fuji King Grofn cultivar. The results showed that in order to obtain early apple yields and to maintain a rational relationship between vegetative macrostructure and yield microstructure, as well as to prevent soil fatigue in replanted land, it is recommended to use the vegetative rootstocks G11 and G41 in association with the perspective varieties.

RESARCHES REGARDING THE ENTOMOFAUNA FROM THE OSTROVENI - DOLJ AREA

Stan Catalin, Tuca Ovidiu — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

From our observation regarding the entomofauna of Ostroveni area, during the research, 116 species of Arthropods were collected and identified (belonging to the orders: Acari, Orthoptera, Dermaptera, Thysanoptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Odonata, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera) of which 93 species (80%) are harmful and 23 species (20%) are useful species.
The most numerous order was Coleoptera (35%), followed by the order Lepidoptera (19%), the order Heteroptera and Hymenoptera (9%) each.

THE YIELD, QUALITY AND UTILIZATION OF SWEET CHERRIES

Bălan Valerian, Russu Stanislav, Bilici Inna — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article is a comparative analysis of the Kordia, Regina, Summit, Sharetta and Sweet Stefanny sweet cherry varieties, grafted on Gisela 6, which are grown in a super-intensive cultivation system in the north of the Republic of Moldova. The orchard was planted in 2018 with a distance between trees of 4x1. The orchard is drip irrigated and protected with an anti-hail netting; the trees have slender spindle-shaped crowns; the soil between the rows is kept grassy, and the soil in the rows is cultivated. During the years 2023-2024, the yield of the Summit, Sharetta and Sweet Stefanny varieties significantly increased (18.38-19.59 t/ha) as compared to the Kordia and Regina varieties (12.71-13.22 t/ha). The diameter, the average weight, the quantity of soluble dry matter and the firmness of the fruit depend on the biology of the variety.

ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SOILS IN THE ROOTSTOCK PLANTATION AND IN THE VINE PLANTATIONS SUPPLYING THE SHOOTS OR CANES IN THE DRĂGĂŞANI VINEYARD

Sergiu-Ștefan Gorjan, Ion BogdanTruşcă, Raluca Iuliana Popescu — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study was carried out in the years 2023-2024 at SCDVV Drăgăşani, in the plantation of „SO4-4” rootstocks and in the vine plantations supplying the shoots or canes of the „Victoria”, „Alutus”, „Vilarom” and „Crâmpoşie Aromată” grape cultivars. These grape cultivars are considered varieties of certain value, they were created at the Drăgăşani Viticulture and Winemaking Research-Development Station. The object of study of this paper is the soil cover, researched in its maintenance with the other geographical factors in order to establish the agro-productive capacity of the plantations, to highlight the main negative attributes and the ameliorative measures. The study followed the contents of phosphorus, potassium and nitric nitrogen, in three repetitions, the soil samples being taken from the depths of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm from the lower, middle and upper slopes of the plantations, in order to the fertilization corresponding to the fertilizing of the soil from the plantation of SO4-4 rootstocks and from the vine plantations providing of the shoots or canes necessary for the improvement of the production technologies of the viticultural propagation material in the current context of climate change. The samples taken from these plantations were analyzed at OJSPA Râmnicul Vâlcea, Romania.

THE DIVERSITY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS IN THE GARDENS FROM EZERETS, BULGARIA

Nagodă Eugenia, Hovaneț Marilena-Viorica, Urziceanu Mihaela — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper explores plant diversity in home gardens from Ezerets, Bulgaria, with a focus on species richness and their ornamental and food uses. A total of 189 taxa, distributed across 70 botanical families, were identified in various types of gardens. Most plants (129 taxa, 68.25%) are used for ornamental purposes, while 40 taxa (21.16%) have both ornamental and edible uses, and 20 taxa are grown solely for food. The study highlights the role of home gardens in preserving biodiversity and maintaining traditional practices. Ezerets' proximity to Romania also offers a foundation for comparing local gardening practices with those in nearby Romanian regions.

THE AQUATIC AND PALUDINE VEGETATION OF THE PROTECTED AREA PREAJBA-FĂCĂI LACUSTRINE COMPLEX, DOLJ, ROMANIA

Răduțoiu Daniel — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The research concerning the aquatic and paludine vegetation in the protected area Preajba-Făcăi Lacustrine Complex addressed all encountered phytocenoses. In the case of well represented phytocenoses, the supplied description presents the particular features of the area, whereas for the fragmentary phytocenoses only a brief characterization is made, without including them in a cenotaxonomic system. Out of the total six identified associations, three are classified as aquatic vegetation and three as paludine vegetation. Furthermore, the present study mentions the presence in the area of some surfaces dominated by Bidens frondosa, Vallisneria spiralis, Eupatorium cannabinum, and Epilobium hirsutum; the specialized literature includes these species in independent associations, while in the researched area they do not have enough surface

THE IMPACT OF INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES ON NATIVE INSECT SPECIES

Țucă Ovidiu, Stan Cătălin — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Invasive plants, introduced either accidentally or intentionally to new ecosystems, can outcompete native vegetation, alter habitat structures, and influence the food web. Native insects, which often have co-evolved with indigenous plants, are particularly vulnerable to such changes. This paper explores the complex relationship between invasive plant species and native insect populations, focusing on habitat loss, food availability, and the cascading ecological consequences that result from such interactions.

EFFECTS OF HYPOTHERMIC STRESS APPLIED TO SEEDS BEFORE GERMINATION ON THE PARAMETERS OF THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS OF MAIZE PLANTS

Cauș Maria, Platovschii Nicolai — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In maize (Zea mays L.) plants grown from seeds pre-treated with negative temperature stress (NTS) of -4°C for 16 hours before germination, followed by growth in dark and light conditions, the content of chlorophyll pigments (Chl) in leaves, the chlorophyll content index (CCI) and some gas exchange parameters were assessed. Combined application of NTS and illumination conditions to seedling growth showed that 6-day-old NTS maize seedlings grown in the dark were etiolated, contained carotenoids and traces of Chl a and Chl b. Whereas in green seedlings grown in the light, NTS decreased Chl a, Chl b and carotenoids. NTS also reduced the CCI in1st, 2nd and 3ed leaves of plants grown in the light for 17 days. While in the 1st, 2nd and 3ed leaves of control plants that grew in the light, the CCI changed dynamically, showing a maximum on the 9th day of growth and then decreased. The influence of NTS also affected the parameters of gas exchange in leaves, causing a decrease in CO2 exchange, real CO2 absorption and total respiration.

SUCCULENT PLANTS IN CONTEMPORARY FLORAL DESIGN

Manda Manuela, Nicu Carmen, Ilie Alina — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Succulent plants are cultivated for decorative purposes, for interior decoration, in landscape design projects, potted arrangements (container gardens), and, in recent years, as "cut flowers". Succulents feature robust leaves, bright colors, unique textures, and shapes, offering a distinct appearance compared to other flowers. When placed in a vase or arranged in floral designs, succulents add an air of elegance, often serving as focal point due to the striking look of their rosettes. Their unique aesthetic makes them stand out in any arrangement, bringing a modern and refined touch to floral art. In the present work, we aimed, in addition to documenting the range and potential uses, to identify species of succulents that are suitable for use in floral design and to create floral compositions using succulent plants or in combination with other species.

RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF SOME ORGANIC PRODUCTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA MILL. PLANTS

Oprea (Butnariu) Gabriela, Badea Monica Luminița, Ion Ligia, Marin Doru Ioan — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presents the Lavandula angustifolia Mill., a species of the Lamiaceae family, is an aromatic plant with a wide spectrum of applications in fields such as: pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and the food industry. The present study analyzes the growth and development of two lavender varieties, Emilia and George 90, under organic farming conditions, with emphasis on the effects of organic fertilization. Data analysis revealed significant differences between the two varieties. The George 90 variety showed an average height 16.38% higher than the Emilia variety (73.11 cm vs. 63.8 cm). Also, the average diameter of the plants of the George 90 variety was 41.98% higher compared to the Emilia variety (154.32 cm vs. 118.34 cm). These results suggest a more pronounced vegetative vigor in the George 90 variety under experimental conditions.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUMIGATION WITH ALUMINIUM FOSFINE AGAINST TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM AND TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM POPULATION AT A WHEAT MILL IN BUCHAREST AREA IN ROMANIA

Spiliotis Spyros-Angelos, Mitrea Ion — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Stored grain pests, particularly Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum, pose significant threats to grain storage facilities. This study examines their populations before and after phosphine fumigation in a wheat mill near Bucharest, Romania. Monitoring was conducted over four months using XLure Rusel MST pheromone traps. Results revealed a 97.14% reduction in total insect population, from 1,606 to 46 individuals. However, surviving populations were noted, indicating potential resistance to phosphine. This study underscores the persistence of pest populations and the necessity for continued monitoring and research on resistance mechanisms in real-world settings.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE EXISTING FAUNA IN APPLE ORCHARD

Bârdan Marius Vasile, Herea Monica, Tălmaciu Nela, Mitrea Ion, Tălmaciu Mihai — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The observations were made in an apple orchard in Nechit, Neamț county.To collect the studied entomofauna, Barber-type soil traps were used, which were placed in the plantation in number of 12. The traps were placed in two rows at a distance of 6-8 m per row and 8-10 m between rows. The traps operated from June to September in 2024. Periodic collections of the collected material were made at intervals of about 14 days. At each collection, the NaCl solution was replaced with a concentration of 25g/l, and each sample was labeled specifying the date of collection and the number of the trap. The samples thus collected were brought to the laboratory where they were cleaned of plant remains and the epigean entomofauna was selected, as well as species of crustaceans, myriapods and arachnids. The determination of the species was done with the help of the determinants and the images on the specialized websites. The most frequently collected insect species were: Poecilus cupreus, Amara spp., Pseudophonus pubescens.

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF NUTRITIONAL COMPOUNDS IN IRRIGATED AND NON-IRRIGATED LINSEED (LINUM USITATISSIMUM L.) CULTIVAR ALEXIN

Simion Enuță, Popoviciu Dan Răzvan, Miron Liliana — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Flax from cultivar Alexin was grown on three different water regimes: non-irrigated, half-dose and full-dose irrigated. Seeds were harvested and taken for biochemical analyses.
They were found to contain low amounts of carotenoids, 7.57-12.79 mg/kg, with notable amounts of lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin, but no detectable β-carotene. Phenolic inventory was also low, but consistent with values usually found in ungerminated linseed: 3,106-7,211 mg/kg, dominated by flavonoids (37-51%; of which minor amounts of flavanols and anthocyanins) and hydroxycinnamic acids (23-37%). Coumarins and stilbenes had low concentrations.
Oil content ranged from 21.3% in non-irrigated plants to over 29% in fully irrigated ones. Ascorbic acid content showed little variation, with 985-1,187 mg/kg, while soluble sugars were 2,482-4,073 mg/kg.
The concentrations of all these compounds, except for cryptoxanthin, were positively correlated to water dosage. The most affected by irrigation regime were phenolic compounds and sugars. The least influenced was ascorbic acid.

RESEARCH ON THE CONTROL OF THE SPECIES AMBROSIA ARTEMISIIFOLIA IN THE SUNFLOWER CULTURE IN THE NORTH-WEST AREA OF ROMANIA

Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The primary objective of this research was to determine the most suitable herbicides, the most effective doses, and the optimal timing for the control of ragweed in sunflower crops. In 2024, an experiment was conducted at the Livada Agricultural Development Research Station, using the randomized block method with 10 variants in 3 repetitions, on an albic Luvisol soil with a pH of 5.1, a clay content of 20.9%, and a humus content of 1.8%.

ANATOMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF STACHYS MARITIMA GOUAN VEGETATIVE ORGANS

Popoviciu Dan Răzvan, Jianu Loreley-Dana — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Stachys maritima Gouan is a perennial herbaceous plant from the Lamiaceae family. It only grows on sand dunes, especially littoral ones. In Romania it is considered an endangered species, only found in few coastal areas of Tulcea and Constanța counties. Its vegetative organs (rhizome, aerial stem, leaf petiole and leaf blade) were harvested for anatomic analysis.
The rhizome showed a secondary structure, with thin suber, compact and thin phloem and compact xylem annual growth rings, while pith was mostly replaced by xylem elements. Aerial stems had the four-ridged shape common in many Lamiaceae, with caps of angular collenchyma protecting four major, semicircular, collateral vascular bundles. Multiple secondary bundles were also found, joined together by sclerified external pith layers. Leaf petiole was filled with undifferentiated parenchyma, made up of large polygonal cells, similar in shape to stem cortex and pith. Leaf blade had a weakly differentiated bifacial structure and was amphistomatic. Stems and leaves were covered by dense, massive, lignified tector hairs. Secretory hairs were small, exclusively peltate, mostly found on stems.

EFFECT OF SOME PESTICIDES APPLIED IN VITICULTURE ON THE ACTIVITY OF MICROORGANISMS OF OENOLOGICAL INTEREST

Tuțulescu Felicia, Enea Lenuța — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

International competition in the wine sector and the demands of discerning consumers for unique wine styles are challenges with implications for the fermentation process. The basis of quality alcoholic fermentation involves knowing how yeast strains interact with the aroma, taste, consistency and color of the wine. Perfect grape health is essential for producing a wine with outstanding organoleptic qualities, but it is not enough. This study investigates the effect of pesticides applied in viticulture on yeasts present in the epiphytic microflora of grapes.

THE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AND VOCATION FOR QUALITY OF THE VINEYARDS AND WINE CENTERS IN OLTENIA – ARGUMENTS FOR THE DESIGN OF WINE TOURISM

Badea George Lucian, Bontea Stan, Liviu Mărăcineanu, Giugea Nicolae — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

With the exception of the high areas of the Oltenia mountains, vines are cultivated in all localities, from the Danube to the Parâng mountains, from the charming Porti de Fier to the legendary Olt river. It is cultivated on small and scattered areas in all the provincial villages, but it is not absent from the eaves of the houses, bringing them a unique architectural charm in the country. The wine plantations concentrated in the vineyards and wine centers are the ones that ensure the production of good quality grapes from which the famous red, white and aromatic wines of superior quality are obtained. The vineyards and wine centers of Oltenia are geographically located in the five counties (Mehedinți, Gorj, Dolj, Olt and Vâlcea) where, under the influence of different environmental conditions, they offer the chance to obtain practically all types and categories of wine.

ASPECTS OF VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION IN THE FETEASCĂ NEAGRĂ VARIETY IN GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

Ariciu Sevastița — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Fetească Neagră variety is a native vine variety that is part of the varieties for high quality red wines, with high growth power, increased resistance to frost and drought, but sensitive to manna and powdery mildew. This paper presents aspects related to vegetative propagation by cuttings in this grape variety, using several rooting substrates without applying rooting stimulants. The cuttings were harvested from the plantation at the Banu Mărăcine Research Station, and the experiments were placed in the Greenhouse Complex of the "Alexandru Buia" Botanical Garden of the University of Craiova. The following variants were used for rooting the cuttings: water (control), peat (V1), peat + perlite 2:1 (V2), sand (V3), mold leaf (V4). Sprouts and leaf formation recorded the highest values in the control variant (water), followed by variant V4 (mold leaf) and variant V3 (sand).

HOW CLIMATE CHANGE AFFECTS COTTON AND WHEAT CROPS IN GREECE THE LAST FIFTEEN YEARS

Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presents the undoubted change of the Earth’s temperature since the past three centuries (18th, 19th and 20th respectively). Climate change and its impact on agriculture and water resources have become a global concern, however, despite that, how does climate change effect common crops, like cotton and wheat?
By utilizing and comparing the data of the temperature of the year 1978 and the latest year of the database (2022), the average temperatures are 15,15 °C (59,27 °F) and 16,75 °C (62,15 °F) respectively. The precipitation rate has not been reduced. Although the changes in precipitation are not stable due to specific factors, the increase of the temperature tends to cause increase crop evapotranspiration (ETc) which eventually leads to more precipitation. Since the temperature has been increased, the duration of each growing season is shorter, due to the fact that the desired temperature has been achieved earlier. Increased temperature has an immediate effect on the increase of ETc and therefore at the crop coefficient factor.

RESULTS REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF GREEN MANURE USAGE ON MAIZE CROP ON ACIDIC SOILS IN THE NORTHWEST OF THE COUNTRY

Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presents the efficacy of green manures in raising soil fertility and enhancing crop productivity, on the Albic Luvisols in northwestern Romania.Green manures are cover crops that provide various benefits when added to the soil. Peas are especially effective at increasing organic nitrogen in the soil, leaving behind a significant amount of 471.74 kg N(a.s.) per hectare. Regardless of the pressure from the pathogen Fusarium spp. and the pest Ostrinia n. the maize yield was not affected. The incorporated green manures especially peas, significantly raises maize yield surpassing the control with almost 3000 kg. The quality of the maize crop, specifically starch content and hectoliter weight, was not influenced by either green manure or chemical fertilization.