ANNALS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CRAIOVA, Biology, Horticulture, Food products processing technology, Environmental engineering

DISCOVERY AND IMPACT OF THE SPOTTED WING DROSOPHILA (DROSOPHILA SUZUKII) (MATSUMURA 1931) (DIPTERA: DROSOPHILIDAE) IN A MIXED RASPBERRY AND BLACKBERRY PLANTATION IN PERIȘOR, DOLJ, ROMANIA

Oana-Mihaela Toma — 2023-12-19

The study examines the signaling of the pest Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in a mixed raspberry and blackberry plantation in Perișor, Dolj, in the Oltenia region of Romania. The main objective is to assess the impact of the pest on the crops and to explore control measures. Monitoring the presence of the pest, analyzing its insecticide tolerance, and evaluating its effects on fruit quality are the main aspects investigated. The importance of early detection and the implementation of efficient management strategies to minimize crop losses are highlighted. Drosophila suzukii has become a global threat to fruit crops, causing significant economic losses (Roșca, M., et al., 2021).

RESEARCH REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF BROWN MARMORATED STINK BUG Halyomorpha halys Stål IN DOLJ COUNTY

Cătălin Stan — 2023-12-19

The brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) is a new invasive species that appeared in RO in 2015 and was reported by us in two localities in Dolj county in 2023. H. halys, attacks over 100 plant species, in Dolj county we report its occurrence on horticultural plantse : apricot, grape vine, tomato and pepper.

ELLAGIC ACID: A REVIEW ON NATURAL SOURCES AND MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE

Ana Maria Stoenescu — 2023-12-19

Ellagic acid is a phenolic compound present in different plant species mainly in fruits and vegetables (and other plant parts such as leaves, root, bark, kernel) but also in processed foods (jams, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages) with a role in protecting the body against numerous conditions due to its antioxidant capacity. The amount of ellagic acid is different depending on the species, type of sample, temperature and extraction method, respectively method of analysis. This paper proposes an analysis of the specialized literature regarding the role and importance of ellagic acid for the human body, studied species with a high content of ellagic acid, the therapeutic medicinal importance and its potential as an antioxidant compound.

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE VASCULAR FLORA OF SOME FRUIT ORCHARDS IN DOLJ COUNTY, ROMANIA

Daniel Radutoiu — 2023-12-19

Through the environmental requirement imposed by inter-rows, the eco-scheme contributes to the CAP objective of biodiversity conservation, as well as increasing the soil's carbon sequestration capacity and improving the quality of the soil structure, the main natural resource in agricultural activity. The present work aimed to analyze the vascular flora from some fruit orchards in Dolj County, Romania following a taxonomic study, starting from the need to establish a vegetal soil cover with spontaneous plants, both specific to the region and environmentally friendly. Following the observations made, it was found that the floristic composition of the grassy cover in the orchards in Dolj County is variable depending on the age of the orchard and the works that were carried out between and on the rows of trees. In orchards where human intervention is low, there is a good representation of taxa belonging to the Fabaceae family (eg Trifolium repens, T. pratense, Medicago arabica, M. sativa). On the other hand, isolated species are present in well-maintained orchards, especially from the category of weeds that can be difficult to fight (e.g. Sorghum halepense, Xanthium italicum, Conyza canadensis, etc.). Observations will be continued to consider the effect of wild plants on the environment and to establish an area-specific varietal soil cover for keeping the row spaces grass-covered.

STUDY REGARDING GROUNDWATER POLLUTION IN THE AREA OF ȘIMNICU DE SUS

Petrica-Lucian Cazan — 2023-12-19

The purpose of the present study is to determine the degree of pollution of groundwater that supply the existing public wells in the area of Șimnicu de Sus commune. In order to achieve this objective, in the period March-May of 2023, water samples were taken from 5 wells located on the public domain of Șimnicu de Sus, Dolj county, in order to determine the degree of groundwater pollution. The water samples were collected directly from the water of the wells and were transported to the laboratory where they were subjected to the following physico-chemical determinations: pH, conductivity, total hardness, fixed residue, ammoniacal nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, nitrates and nitrites.

THE COFFEE CONSUMPTION AMONG WOMEN OVER 40 YEARS OLD

Diana Olimid — 2023-12-19

The aim of this study was to evaluate the coffee consumption among 204 premenopausal and postmenopausal women. 84.31% of subjects steted that they consume coffee daily, 65.12% of them prefer to add sugar to coffee, 21.51% add sugar and milk and only 13.37% drink black coffee. Regarding the amount consumed daily, 47.67% of women stated that they consume 2 cups of coffee per day, 38.37% consume 1 cups per day and only 13.95% consume 3 or more cups daily. 24.74% of women were smokers. 23.84% of subjects have insomnia if they drink coffee în the afternoon or in the evening. 56.86% of women considered that coffee has benefical effects on health and 38.23% stated that they do no know how to answer.

EFFICACY AND SELECTIVITY OF HERBICIDES TO CONTROL WEEDS IN CHICKPEA CROP AT MOARA DOMNEASCĂ, ROMANIA

Valentin-Marius Ciontu — 2023-12-19

This paper presents the data regarding the control of weeds in chickpea crop. The observations and determinations aimed the selectivity and efficacy of some simple, complex or associated herbicides, applied pre- and post-emergent, in order to determine their influence on the production yield. The chickpea crop was strongly infested with mono and dicotyledonous species, including perennial species that are difficult to control (Cirsium, Convolvulus, Sonchus). The best results were obtained in the experimental variants in which the pre-emergent treatments were followed by post-emergent treatments. Perennial species were not sufficiently controlled. The herbicide Pulsar 40 (imazamox, 40 g/l) showed phytotoxicity, the harvest being delayed and the production lower.

ASSESSMENT OF SOME AGROBIOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL DESCRIPTORS WITHIN THE CLONAL SELECTION APPLIED TO AUGUSTA AND VICTORIA VARIETIES

Cristina-Magdalena Ciobotea — 2023-12-19

This paper presents the agrobiological and technological results obtained during the first stages of the clonal selection applied to the Augusta and Victoria varieties. 10 clonal selections of both varieties of table grapes were studied. The determinations and analyzes consisted in the evaluation of agrobiological descriptors:, calculation of absolute and relative fertility coefficients. Physico-mechanical analyzes were carried out, consisting in the evaluation of the number of berries, the weight of the pulp, the weight of the skin, of the seeds in one kilogram of grapes. The clonal selections Augusta 2 and 8 stood out for their fertility of 65% and 59%, respectively, but also for their high values of the absolute and relative fertility coefficients Afc - 1,3, Rfc - 0,83 respectively Afc - 1,3, Rfc - 0,27. Regarding the clonal selections Victoria 4 and 10 stood out for their fertility of 76% and 77%.

POSSIBILITIES OF USING EVERGREEN SPECIES IN EXTERIOR DECOR

Manuela Mandă — 2023-12-19

In our country's conditions, most herbaceous and deciduous ornamental plants lose their ornamental qualities during the cold season, and the landscape becomes dreary. In these circumstances, the group of evergreen ornamental plants, also known as evergreens, provides color and texture in landscaping due to their leaves that remain green throughout the year. Although the concept of an "evergreen" garden often brings conifers to mind, in landscape design, the association of species belonging to a single plant group is avoided due to visual monotony. Therefore, in this type of permanently green garden, and not only, the combination of conifers with other groups of species with persistent foliage (deciduous trees and shrubs, evergreen herbaceous perennials, succulents) is essential. Based on these considerations, our work aims to create landscaping solutions that include this variety.

ANTHROPOGENIC RESOURCES - OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF WINE TOURISM IN OLTENIA

Viorel Vintilescu — 2023-12-19

The paper presents some viticultural centers in Oltenia, where viticulture, once well-represented, has seen a decline in terms of cultivated areas and interest in using grape production through winemaking (e.g., Brabova, Brădești, Plenița). The paper aimed to highlight the history of the place, the evolution of vineyards in the area, as well as recent activities focused on the capitalization of the economic potential of the localities that are the viticultural centers. With the launch of the Wine Route concept, tourist interest in wine-producing and historical areas has increased, especially since wine tourism offers interesting experiences through wine tastings, gastronomic dishes, and the beauty of the places. For this reason, the long-term tourism development of the Oltenia region should also consider oenotourism resources, which ensure the diversification of the local economy and the creation of new job opportunities for the community, with an impact on improving the quality of life for residents.

ASPECTS OF Linaria vulgaris Mill. WEED FRUITS VARIABILITY

Nicolaie Ionescu — 2023-12-19

A common species here too is Linaria vulgaris Mill. The plant grows in small, dense clumps around and within various agricultural soils. Recently, there has been an increase in the spread of this weed, especially in the area of poor soils in the south of the territory. Morphological characters have shown a continuous evolution, depending on the existing ecotype at a given time. Thus, the raceme measured 13 cm long and weighed approx. 240 mg. 7.2 seed capsules formed on one raceme. The capsules had a length of 8 cm, a width of 4.7 cm and a mass of 115 mg. 90 seeds were formed on one raceme, the average diameter of which was 2 mm. Significant positive correlations were obtained between most determined characters. Negative correlations were only between seed fin width with the other characters. The determinations made demonstrated the increased adaptability of the weed to the current ecological conditions of the albic luvic soil from South part of country.

RESISTANCE OF THE NEPTUNE APRICOT VARIETY TO LATE FROSTS

Alexandru Opriță Vlăduț — 2023-12-19

The Dobrogea region is a favorable area for apricot culture, this species ensuring relatively uniform production over the years. However, the temperature variations in the long and cold springs influence the production of certain apricot varieties in operation. The Neptun apricot variety studied in recent years showed and proved a uniformity in the given productions even though the late frosts were more and more frequent. Low temperatures affect apricot plantations, causing irregularities in the regularity of fruit production and their quality, gummy leaks and awareness of trees to the attack of apricot-specific pathogens. The research was conducted in a orchard of apricot aged 9 years, located at 18 km away from Constanta. Trees planted at a distance of 4x4m were studied during the vegetation season paying particular attention to resistance to low temperature. In the winter of 2019, temperatures in winter decreased to -14 degree C and produced losses of flower buds. In the spring of 2020, the ‘Neptun’ variety bloomed well, 80% of flower buds being resistant to negative temperatures from winter. In 2021 was a warm winter but the temperature decreased in January to -14 degree C and the trees suffered a thermal shock. Following, resistance to frost decreased and the percentage of flower buds affected was 84,8%. In 2022 ‘Neptun’ variety was not affected. In February of 2023 were, recorded temperatures of -10 degrees C associated with very cold wind, the flower buds were affected in 80,6%.

CONTRIBUTION TO THE DAMSELFLY FAUNA (ODONATA: ZYGOPTERA) OF DOLJ COUNTY (SW ROMANIA)

Anda Felicia Babalean — 2023-12-19

This paper presents the result of the damselfly faunal investigation during May 2022 – July 2023 in Dolj county (Oltenia Plain, SW part of Romania). The faunal list includes 12 collected species belonging to four families – Lestidae, Calopterygidae, Platycnemididae and Coenagrionidae. For the species Coenagrion scitulum (Rambur, 1842) the male abdominal appendages are discussed in comparison with bibliography.

RESEARCH REGARDING THE RESURSELE VEGETALE DIN ZONA TISMANA AREA, GORJ COUNTY

Cătălin Stan — 2023-12-19

Tismana region county Gorj represents part of the floristic and faunal treasure of Oltenia, but also of Romania.
Biodiversity is very rich, here there are, in a very good state of conservation, habitats where we meet plant and animal species.
Due to the rarity, naturalness and biodiversity of forest ecosystems, they are and will increasingly become bearers of inestimable scientific, landscape and social values.

ECOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF DEGRADED LANDS DUE TO WASTE ABANDOMENT IN A SOUTHERN AREA OF DOLJ COUNTY

Mariana-Cornelia Țecu (Licsandru) — 2023-12-19

The study aims to present the possibilities of ecological reconstruction of degraded lands in the area of the Ostroveni commune, Dolj county, due to the abandonment of waste by implementing technical works to restore and improve the areas intended for habitats of community interest. Technical works were carried out to uncover the polluted soil layer and to remove the grassy/woody vegetation composed of invasive species, followed by the stage of land preparation for the reconstruction of habitats, the selective removal of woody vegetation or grassland composed of non-useful species, covering with fertile soil, manual or mechanized soil mobilization/scarification, installation of warning signs to limit access to the area of reconstructed habitats for the purpose of developing native species and methods of reconstruction by seeding/planting with native species, monitoring and evaluating the habitats on which quality improvement actions have been applied since the preparation of the land, to highlight the effects of habitat reconstruction.

THE BIOSTIMULATORY EFFECT OF BROWN ALGAE ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM ON GRAPEVINE

Carmen Sirbu — 2023-12-19

Currently, the global wine industry is facing numerous challenges related to climate change and the unpredictability of weather conditions. The administration of biostimulants derived from algae to grapevines brings a series of benefits that translate into increased and quality productions.Two biostimulators containing Ascophyllum nodosum were tested in a vineyard on Chasselas Dore grapes. The testing involved three foliar applications at a 0.5% concentration during the vegetative phase. The use of the products with algae led to increases in yield cu 33.3% (AN product) și 38.7% (AN-ME product). The application of the three foliar treatments with an vegetable biostimulant increased by 46.6 – 48.5% the process of photosynthetic assimilation in the vineyard. Also, the nutrient content in the plant (leaves and clusters) has recorded a significant increase.

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOME CLASSES OF BIOACTIVE ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS IN CARAWAY (CARUM CARVI L.) LEAVES

Simona-Mariana Pricop — 2023-12-19

Caraway leaves from local production were studied for their content in some classes of compounds with antioxidant potential. Chlorophylls, carotenoids (total, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin and cryptoxanthin), phenolic compounds (total, flavonoids, anthocyanins), ascorbic acid, essential oils.
The chlorophyll content was 346 mg/kg DW, of which only chlorophyll a was found in detectable amounts. Total carotenoid concentration was 2,190 mg/kg DW, consisting almost entirely (2,078 mg/kg) of β-carotene including, 86 mg/kg lutein and low amounts of other compounds. 23,755 mg/kg was the total phenolic content, of which 6,435 mg/kg flavonoids, including 104 mg/kg anthocyanins. Leaves contained 2,319 mg/kg ascorbic acid and 6,676 mg/kg essential oil.
These concentrations are comparable with those commonly found in most studied species of Apiaceae.

INCIDENCE OF ENTEROBACTERIACEAE IN NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

Eleonora Daniela Ciupeanu Călugăru — 2023-12-19

This work was carried out in the field of General Microbiology, combining in its contents elements of different biological, medical and technological disciplines.
The special part of this paper included a study at the Tg-Jiu County Emergency Hospital, where we made a statistic during a calendar year on the number of hospitalized patients, detected with different germs on different devices (respiratory, urinary, digestive, etc.) with nosocomial infections.

Quantitative Analysis Of Nutritional And Bioactive Compounds In Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia L.) Fruits

Dan Răzvan Popoviciu — 2023-12-19

Bitter gourd fruits (Brâncuși cultivar) from local production were studied for their content in some classes of nutritive compounds. Carotenoids (total, β-carotene, lycopene and lutein), phenolic compounds (total, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins), ascorbic acid, soluble sugars and lipids were determined.
With 231/251 mg/kg DW (peel/pulp) total carotenoid content in M. charantia fruits was lower than in other known Cucurbitaceae. β-carotene was dominant in the peel while lycopene constituted a large fraction in the pulp. Lutein was found in low amounts (<1 mg/kg) only in the peel. On the contrary, with 13,527/18,598 mg/kg, the total phenolic inventory is richer than in many other related species. Flavonoids (8,763/14,545 mg/kg) were dominant in both peel and pulp. Of these, only a small fraction (267/212 mg/kg) were anthocyanins. Tannins constituted over 9.5% of the phenolic inventory.
Ascorbic acid concentration was high, 14,689 mg/kg in peel and 12,847 mg/kg in pulp. Soluble sugars were 9,035/9,579 while lipids were 3,800/3,200 mg/kg.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON FRUIT QUALITY OF THE APPLE CULTIVATED IN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM

Roxana Ionela Ștefan (Untaru) — 2023-12-19

Known being the increasing demand for ecological fruits, both at national level and on international markets, the apple cultivated in the ecological system in Romania can bring economic and social benefits. The orientation towards apple cultivars with genetic resistance to diseases will be gradually imposed, especially in the case of apple, being the main factor in obtaining ecological productions. The value of the ecological apples, as dessert fruits, depends directly on the following physico-chemical characteristics: size (weight and caliber), content of fruit in soluble solids and acids (specially malic acid), firmness and the color of the epidermis. This work aims to quantify the quality elements of the fruits at the maturity of harvesting for 12 apple cultivars, of different origin (6 with Romanian origin and 6 foreign cultivars), located in a field trial of RIFG Pitești, Romania, managed in ecological system. The preliminary results registered at the level of 2022 show that the fruits size varied from 144.26 g ('Rubinola' cv.) to 306.8 g ('Orion' cv.), and the fruit caliber 71.62 mm ('Crimson Crisp' cv.) to 92.13 mm ('Orion' cv.). The cultivars 'Rumina', 'Topaz' and 'Orion' were noted for the high content of soluble solids (over 14%). 'Rubinola' cv. was noted by the high pH of fruits (4.02) and high acid content (0.88% malic acid).

EXPLORATION OF THE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF MALUS DOMESTICA AND POSSIBILITIES OF USING BY-PRODUCTS OF FRUIT PROCESSING IN THE JUICE INDUSTRY – REVIEW

Maria-Bianca Mandache — 2023-12-19

The by-products of the apple processing industry are abundant in nutrients and bioactive compounds that can improve the nutritional properties of food products and have the potential to prevent or treat a number of diseases, representing an opportunity for the food industry. In the current world context, where the focus is on sustainability and the efficient use of natural resources, apple by-products are becoming more and more relevant. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the specialized literature regarding the chemical composition of by-products from apples as well as their integration potential in the food industry. Current research is focused on the development of new methods of valorizing these by-products, which allow to obtain ingredients with improved functional properties, and as consumers become more and more aware of the benefits of healthy foods, apple by-products should represent an increasingly attractive raw material for the food industry. As the food industry generates effective alternatives for the integration of by-products, they will become an important segment on the consumer market.

EVALUATION OF THE IN VITRO ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF NATURAL EXTRACTS AND SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PATHOGEN BOTRYTIS CINEREA

Alin Din — 2023-12-19

This study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro antifungal potential of natural extracts from marc, spontaneous flora plants, and synthetic pesticides. The biological control of pathogens is a modern alternative because does not represent a danger to humans and the environment. Thus, natural alternatives with a fungistatic or fungicidal effect on the pathogen Botrytis cinerea were identified. The results of the in vitro tests clearly indicated a significant inhibitory percentage on the growth rate of the Botrytis cinerea rot mycelium (62.38%), when was used the extract obtained from the Cabernet Sauvignon marc at a concentration of 15%, compared to the other two natural extracts used (Salvia officinalis and Chelidonium majus), where the diameter of the colonies recorded values close to the untreated control variant. Regarding the effect of the synthetic pesticides studied, the best results were recorded with fosetyl-aluminum where a 100% inhibition percentage on the Botrytis cinerea pathogen was recorded.

EVALUATION OF SOME GENETIC RESOURCES USED IN THE APPLE IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM AT SCDP VOINEŞTI

Marian Florin Gavrilă — 2023-12-19

Apple improvement and the development of new varieties are of significant importance for increasing productivity and fruit quality. At SCDP Voinești, the apple improvement program began in 1950, when the first hybrid combinations were made, and has continued to this day. Over time, varieties or genotypes with a high level of genetic resources have been used as parents, especially for obtaining apple varieties with genetic resistance to diseases. From the numerous hybridisations performed, valuable elites were identified. This paper presents the characteristics of three elites with resistance to Venturia spp. and partial to powdery mildew, high productivity and fruit quality: H 4/17-04; H2/3-04; H 19/6-04.

MUSCLES - PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND PATHOPATHOLOGY

Mariana Luminița Olaru — 2023-12-19

This paper emphasizes the emphasis of information on the indispensable importance of the muscular system among vertebrates. Thus, these aspects will be exemplified by the study of the relationship between the muscular system and the bone system, carried out by presenting several intraoperative and postoperative images, of a bone trauma.

Efficacy Of Single Drip Lateral Design For Two Plant Rows Of Grain Maize In Konya-Kadinhani-Kolukisa Province, Turkey

Acar Bilal — 2023-12-19

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of trickle irrigation on grain-corn production as well as soil wetting geometry under single drip lateral design for two plants rows at Konya-Kadınhanı-Kolukısa province of Turkey under farmer’s practices. The seasonal applied water varied from 416.78 to 441.98 mm in research farms. The grain yield was found between 14200 and 16750 kg/ha in those study farms. Irrigation Water Use Efficiency, IWUE, varied from 3.21 and 3.93 kg/m3. The both the lateral and vertical wetting front was around 50 cm under 140 cm lateral space. The field inspection clearly showed that it is impossible to obtain sufficient wetted soil volume by use of one trickle lateral design, 140 cm, for two plant rows so one drip lateral design,70 cm, for each crop row was strongly recommended for facilitating better wetted soil volume within plant rooting depth consequently increasing grain production. Maize plant is very sensitive to the water deficiency so water amount should be met enough in soil rooting environment during the whole plant growing cycles.

THE EFFECT OF PEPPERMINT, CLOVE, CINNAMON, SAGE AND ORANGE ESSENTIAL OILS ON LACTOBACILLUS BULGARICUS BACTERIA

Felicia Tuțulescu — 2023-12-19

Essential oils have been mainly used in aromatherapy, but they have gained the attention of the food industry in the last decade due to their ability to control the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The essential oil content of plant tissue varies according to the stage of development of the plant, the parts of the plant (leaves, flowers, roots, etc.) as well as the method of extraction. Commonly used techniques for extracting essential oils include hydrodistillation, steam distillation (Chialva et al.,1982), solvent extraction, (Chialva et al.,1982) and CO2 extraction (Takeoka et al.,1985). The composition of the extracted oil may vary from one extraction method to another. The essential oils used in this study were: clove, peppermint, cinnamon, sage, orange. Observations were made on extraction yield, MIC for Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and comparative antimicrobial activity with two commonly used antibiotics.

SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF MAMMALS FROM THE VLĂDILA FOREST PROTECTED ARIA ROSCI0183

Florin Daniel Stamin — 2023-12-19

This work carries out a systematic grouping of Mammalia Class creatures living in the Vlădila Forest Protected Area, according to the characteristics of the area and the reality in the field.
Both through the research in the field and the study of the management plan, 36 species of mammals were identified on the site - of which 21 species of conservation importance, all of them stand out as small mammals.
Thus, a number of 6 orders, 12 families and 25 genera were identified.

CONTRIBUTION TO THE GENUS SYMPETRUM NEWMAN, 1833 (ODONATA, ANISOPTERA) FROM SW ROMANIA, WITH A GENERAL DISCUSSION ON SYMPETRUM SPECIES

Anda Felicia Babalean — 2023-12-19

The paper presents the results of an exploratory research on the genus Sympetrum in two regions in the SW part of Romania (Timiș Plain and Oltenia region), in terms of the faunistic account, species distribution and comparative morphology. The variable, constant and distinctive characters are given for each species. The variability of some taxonomic characters – pterostigma, the male accessory genitalia and the vulvar scale is compared with data from the available literature. The analysis reveals that pterostigma variability and set (combinations) of morphological characters (legs and vulvar scale) go out of the current knowledge, questioning their taxonomic value. A discussion on Sympetrum species is provided from the perspective of the classical principles of systematic zoology: the biological species concept, the reproductive isolation of species, species delimitation, speciation.

ORCHARD EVALUATION OF CHERRY VARIETY-ROOTSTOCK ASSOCIATIONS IN THE SECOND YEAR AFTER PLANTING

Andreea Anamaria Moga — 2023-12-19

The cherry is a fruit tree with economic importance, due to its nutritional proprieties, technological and commercial, in Romania finding good conditions for growth and production. The study was conducted at Research Station for Fruit Growing Constanta (RSFG Constanta), in a cherry plot planted in 2020. The objective of the study was to evaluate the orchard, in the climatic conditions of the South-East Romania of some cultivar/rootstock combinations. Ten cherry cultivars, created in Romania, or newly introduced in our country were studied, grafted on two vegetative rootstocks: IPC5 and IPC7. In the two years of the study (2021-2022), observations were made on growth vigor, tree height and on the number of anticipated shoots for each combination studied cultivar/rootstock. In terms of growth vigor, the highest average trunk diameter was recorded for the Daria/IPC7 30.56 mm. The highest average length of shoots was noted in the cherry cultivars Cociuvas and Daria grafted on the rootstock IPC7, which were 129 cm and 118 cm, respectively.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HACCP QUALITY SYSTEM FOR AMANDINA CAKE

Ramona Căpruciu — 2023-12-19

The application of HACCP for confectionery products is compatible with the implementation of quality management systems, from the SR EN ISO 9001, 2001 series and with food safety management from the SR EN ISO 2200, 2005 series. HACCP was applied to all stages of obtaining Amandina cake starting from the storage of raw materials to the completion of the technological process, and its implementation was based on compliance with the principles of quality and safety in the food industry. In order to ensure the safety of the studied food, the HACCP implementation was carried out strictly respecting the implementation stages. The main purpose of applying the HACCP manual within the processing unit was to facilitate verification by the authorities and to promote local trade by increasing confidence in food safety. The detailed analysis of the requirements and the way of designing and implementing the HACCP system in the confectionery-pastry processing unit also aims to launch a model of the quality manual for a confectionery product appreciated by consumers, namely the Amandina cake.

RESEARCH ON THE POSSIBILITY OF USING THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN THE RURAL AREA OF ȘIMNICU DE SUS BY GROWING VINES

Dorin Constantin Costea — 2023-12-19

The specific ecological conditions of the cultivation area can positively or negatively influence the quality of grape production, a fact expressed by the specificity of the wine-growing area.. The knowledge of particularities determined by the pedoclimatic conditions is important for elaborating and supporting the viticultural technical activities. The present study carried out in the corural area of Șimnicu de Sus aimed to demonstrate the favorability of the area for the culture of vines, to obtain quality productions with the aim of encouraging the development of this economic activity, in this peri-urban area with residents who need to obtain some additional gain

DETECTION OF PLUM AND CHERRY VIRUSES IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF ROMANIA

Plopa Catița — 2023-12-19

Plum plantations which included 'Anna Späth', 'd'Agen', 'Stanley', 'Čačanska Lepotiča', 'Centenar', 'President', 'Topend plus' and 'Tophit' cv. and sweet cherry plantations with the 'Kordia', 'Skeena', 'Ferrovia', 'Sweetheart', 'Regina', 'Prime Giant', 'Stella', 'Van', 'Maria', 'Bigarreau Burlat', 'Vanda', 'Karina', 'Lapins', 'Penny', 'Summit' cv., from the areas of Muntenia and Oltenia, Romania, were evaluated to identify the main viruses ACLSV, ApMV, PPV, PDV, PNRSV for plum and ACLSV, ApMV, ArMV, PPV, PDV, PNRSV, CLRV, TBRV, SLRSV, RpRSV for sweet cherry. The diagnosis was established by the DAS-ELISA technique, PPV being also identified by the AGRISTRIP method. The degree of viral infection was different, thus, in plum, PPV was identified between 0.00% and 57.50%, ApMV between 0.00% and 1.50% and PDV between 0.00% and 0.5% and in sweet cherry plantations TBRV between 0 and 20.00%, ArMV 0.00% and 15.00% and ACLSV 0.00% and 5.00%.

OXALIS DEBILIS, AN INDOOR ORNAMENTAL PLANT NEW NATURALIZED IN ROMANIA

Maria Raicu — 2023-12-19

The aim of the paper is to report the success of the naturalization of Oxalis debilis Kunth, an exotic plant from Botanic Garden “D. Brandza” greenhouses collection.The species has been cultivated as a potted plant for over 30 years and in the last 15 years it has spread in greenhouses becoming a weed. Since 2013, individuals of the species have been observed outside of the greenhouses. Currently, several hundred individuals survive in the Historical Garden, where they bloom year after year. The plant does not produce seeds.

BIODIVERSITY STUDIES IN DIFFERENT GRAPEVINE CULTIVATION SYSTEMS

Enuță Simion — 2023-12-19

The establishment of a more diverse community of organisms in a certain territory is surrounded by the existence of several methods for minimizing the negative side effects of human activities, maximizing diversity, and improving the viticultural landscape.
Biodiversity can be measured by a number of indicators: frequency, relative abundance, dominance, constancy, fidelity, and fairness.
In the present work, the main species existing at ground level are presented, monitored with the help of Barber traps in order to determine if there are changes in the agro-ecosystem of the vine culture.
In the 2021-2022 period, the objectives of faunal research were achieved by analysing the state of the agro-ecosystem of the vine culture and specifying the groups of invertebrates, in order to be taken conservation and protection measures.

ODONATA OF ROMANESCU PARK (CRAIOVA, ROMANIA) IN THE YEARS 2022 AND 2023

Anda Felicia Babalean — 2023-12-19

This paper presents recent data on the Odonata from Romanescu Park: the faunistic list; morphological aspects (general habitus, the male abdominal appendages of Ischnura elegans (Vander Linden, 1820) and Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Sulzer, 1776), wing and male accessory genitalia of Orthetrum coerulescens (Fabricius, 1798)); species assemblages.

INSECTS SPECIES INVOLVED IN WASTE BIOCONVERSION AND USE AS ANIMAL FEED

Ovidiu Andrei Țucă — 2023-12-19

Insect food bioconversion refers to the process of using insects to convert organic matter, such as food waste or agricultural byproducts, into more valuable products like protein-rich insect biomass, oils, and fertilizers. This practice has gained attention as a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution to address several global challenges, including food security, waste reduction, and resource conservation.Neuroptera and Diptera each with one species. Various insect species, such as mealworms, black soldier flies, crickets, and houseflies, are commonly used in bioconversion processes due to their ability to efficiently consume organic matter and convert it into valuable products.

SECONDARY TECHNICAL OPERATIONS USED TO FORM THE CROWN OF THE TREES IN THE CHERRY ORCHARDS ON GISELA 6 IN THE FIRST YEARS AFTER PLANTING

Ananie Peșteanu — 2023-12-19

The study was carried out in the spring of 2020 in the north of the country, variety Grace Star grafted on the rootstock Gisela 6, thin spindle crown shape. Planting distance 4.2x1.8 m. In spring 2021 was organized with the following gradation: 1. Trees trained after the thin spindle crown (control); 2. Solitary incision above the buds and processing the cut with water; 3. Solitary incision above the buds and treatment of the cut with growth regulator Progerbalin LG; 4. Circular incision at 25-30 cm distance on the axis with processing of the cut with Progerbalin LG growth regulator; 5. Extirpation removal of 4-5 axillary buds from top to bottom of the leader while keeping a bud intact. It was established that, to increase the branching potential of the tree axis when training intervened with solitary incisions above the buds and circular incisions at a distance of 25-30 cm on the axis with the processing of the cut with the growth regulator Progerbalin LG in the ratio one part of product to 8-10 parts of latex paint.

MICROSCOPICAL TESTS FOR MELILOTI HERBA

Cristina-Ștefania Anghel — 2023-12-19

Yellow melilot, Melilotus officinalis, belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is abundantly found in Romania. The microscopic analysis of plant material from herbal tea was carried out in the current study. Microscopic evaluation based on the characteristic features of cells, calcium oxalate crystals, trichomes, fibres, vessels, etc. is useful in the initial identification of herbs, as well as for the detection of adulterants, followed by chemical qualitative and quantitative analysis of the raw plant material.

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUND CLASSES IN VEGETATIVE ORGANS OF BITTER GOURD (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L.)

Simona-Mariana Pricop — 2023-12-19

Bitter gourd (Brâncuși cultivar) stems, tendrils and leaves from local production were studied for their content in some classes of nutritive compounds. Chlorophyll, carotenoids (total, β-carotene and lycopene), phenolic compounds (total, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins) and ascorbic acid were determined.
Vegetative organs of M. charantia were found to contain high amounts of chlorophyll (1,643 mg/kg DW in leaves). The total carotenoid content was 176-386, with the highest amounts in leaves. While β-carotene was dominant in the stems (177 mg/kg), the other vegetative organs had significant amounts of lycopene (67 mg/kg in leaves).
The total phenolic inventory ranged from 6,283 in leaves to 9,657 in stems. Flavonoids were dominant, by 50-70%, with the highest amounts in stems. Of these, 501-997 mg/kg were anthocyanins. Tannins constituted 8.1-9.3% of the phenolic inventory.
Ascorbic acid concentration ranged between 1,7134 and 2,691 mg/kg, with the highest values in tendrils.
In conclusion, vegetative organs of M. charantia can be a valuable source of phytochemicals.

QUANTIFICATION OF ELLAGIC AND GALLIC ACID FROM LEAVES OF WILD FRUIT SPECIES BY UHPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY

Ana Maria Stoenescu — 2023-12-19

A simple, rapid and accurate chromatographic method was developed for the quantification of ellagic and gallic acid using UHPLC chromatography. The separation of the compounds was carried out using a Hypersil Gold column (150x4.6) by gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of 0.5% formic acid aqueous solution and methanol, with a detection of the compounds at 278 nm. The obtained results confirm the presence of phenolic compounds in the leaves of some wild fruit species, respectively gallic acid varied between 5.12 (Malus sylvestris) and 82.16 (Rubus fruticosus) mg/100g DW, and ellagic acid had values between 4.28 (Crataegus monogyna) and 936.34 (Fragaria viridis) mg/100g DW. The used protocol proved to be useful for the accurate and rapid identification and quantification of the two phenolic acids.

Effect Of Negative Temperature Shock On The Primary Rezistance Of Maize Hybrids

Maria Caus — 2023-12-19

The paper presents the results of assessing the resistance of 14 maize hybrids to a negative temperature shock (NTS) of -4°C for 16 hours. The germination and growth seedlings parameters of maize hybrids were studied. Germination of maize seeds at optimal temperature of 26°C for 5 days was used as a control, and pretreatment of maize seeds with NTS followed by germination and subsequent growth at 26°C for 5 days was considered experimental. Pretreatment of maize seeds with NTS made it possible to identify and evaluate the primary resistance of each hybrid to stress, and according to the degree of constitutive frost resistance of each hybrid, the distribution and classification of the studied hybrids into 3 zones was carried out, including hybrids with high, medium and low frost resistance. Also, the effect of NTS on the morpho-physiological traits of the maize seedlings are shown.

PARTIAL RESULTS ON FRUITS ASSESSMENT OF SOME WALNUT GENOTYPES PRESERVED AT RIFG PITESTI, ROMANIA

Aurelian Valentin Untaru — 2023-12-19

Forty-five walnut genotypes, with different origins, from germplasm fund of RIFG Pitesti, Romania were evaluated, regarding fruit size (nut weight, size index – SI, index of roundness - IR and kernel percentage). The results obtained have highlighted the fact that in walnut collection from RIFG Pitesti there is a large phenotypic diversity. Thus, the average nut weight ranged from 8.00 g ('Novaci' cv.) to 22.00 g ('Geoagiu' 453 cv.). The largest fruits registered 'Geoagiu 453', 'Germisara', 'Ciprian Ion', 'Hartley' cvs. (over 20 g). The kernel percentage ranged from 30.66% ('Geoagiu 210' cv.) to 56.25% ('Valrex' cv.). The largest kernel percentage (over 50%) registered 'Recea', 'Valcor', 'Valrex', 'M 44-39', 'Sarmis', 'Velnița', 'Schinoasa', 'Ciumești 77', 'Cazacu', 'Chisinau', 'Fălești', 'Codrene' and 'Jupânești' cvs. It has been observed that some genotypes, although they have small fruits, have a high kernel percentage ('Valcor', 'Valrex', 'M 44-39', 'Sarmis', 'Schinoasa', 'Recea', 'Chandler', etc.). and other genotypes with large fruit have small kernel percentage ('Geoagiu 453', 'Germisara', 'Ciprian Ion', 'Hartley'. etc.). The values of the index of roundness varied from 0.64 mm on 'Recea' cv. (elongated form) to 1.01 mm on 'Secular' cv. (round form). Most of the genotypes studied (86.67%) had elongated fruits.

UTERINE ARTERIES DOPPLER VELOCIMETRY IN A PREGNANT WOMAN WITH GENETIC RISK FOR THROMBOPHILIA

Diana Olimid — 2023-12-19

The objective of this study was to follow the velocimetry changes in the uterine arteries and the fetal growth curves in a pregnant woman with a genetic risk for thrombophilia. The patient received aspirin until 25 weeks of gestation, when the hematologist decided on thromboembolism prophylaxis with heparin until 24 hours before delivery. The velocimetry indices in uterine arteries and the umbilical artery were within normal limits until the end of the pregnancy. During the follow-up, the coagulation tests remained within normal parameters for the pregnancy period and fetal growth was within normal limits. The birth was done by cesarean section at 38 weeks of gestation. The fetal weight at birth was 3190 grams and the Apgar score was 8/9.

THE IMPACT OF THE PRUNING TIME ON THE BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CHERRY VARIETIES GRAFTED ON MAXMA 14

Valerian Balan — 2023-12-19

Pruning is a basic procedure in the sweet cherry trees cultivation, which significantly affects the yield and quality of the fruit. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of the pruning time on the biological properties of sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L.). The orchard in which the research was carried out was established in the central area of the Republic of Moldova in the fall of 2012. The Kordia and Regina sweet cherries, grafted on MaxMa 14, whose crowns had a naturally improved reduced volume, were planted at a distance of 5 x 3 m. The maintenance and fruiting pruning of the sweet cherry trees were done during the dormant and vegetation phases as follows. The flowering and fruit ripening time, the trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), the number of fruiting buds and the fruit weight and yield were studied. The results showed that the pruning time had had a significant impact on the yield. The data on the yield of the Kordia and Regina sweet cherry varieties grafted on MaxMa 14 are promising and prove that the pruning done in the first decade of September has a positive effect on the fruit yield.

FAMOUS HYBRID TEA ROSES FROM THE BOTANIC GARDEN “DIMITRIE BRANDZA” ROSARIUM IN BUCHAREST

Eduard Marius Negulici — 2023-12-19

Flowers have been a form of commemoration of the most important events or people in our lives since ancient times. Roses breeders have always had the idea of paying homage through their creations. In this paper we will try to highlight some hybrid tea roses that are famous by their name, the importance they represent for the collections of roses or their perfume that reminds us of the old gardens from childhood.

ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURES AND THREATS OF THE RIPARIAN FOREST VEGETATION IN LAKE TRICHONIDA (GR2310009)

Panagiotis Stergiannis — 2023-12-19

This paper presents the main environmental problems, pressures and threats faced by the riparian forests of Lake Trichonida, which is located in Western Greece (a protected area of Natura 2000 network with Code GR2310009), with the method of completing "questionnaires”. The main threat is human activities, such as intensive agriculture and animal husbandry, but also biotic factors such as the fungus Ceratocystis fimbriata f. sp. platani, which was recently identified in the plane forests of the lake. The majority of respondents pointed out bulky waste as the first, hierarchically, problem for the region. In the opinion of the respondents, the riparian forests of Lake Trichonida are largely threatened by: abandonment (60%), insufficient management (58%) and the risk of fire (32%). The lakeside forests are least threatened by: agriculture (60%), high number of visitors (50%), fire (48%).

Quantitative Analysis Of Some Classes Of Bioactive Antioxidant Compounds In Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill.) Leaves

Simona-Mariana Pricop — 2023-12-19

Fennel leaves from local production were studied for their content in some classes of compounds with antioxidant potential. Chlorophylls (a and b), carotenoids (total, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin and cryptoxanthin), phenolic compounds (total, flavonoids, anthocyanins), ascorbic acid, essential oils.
The chlorophyll content was 1,459 mg/kg DW, of which over 86% chlorophyll a. Total carotenoid concentration was 1,609 mg/kg DW, including 1,002 mg/kg β-carotene, 109 mg/kg lycopene, 32 mg/kg lutein and low amounts of other compounds. 13,292 mg/kg was the total phenolic content, of which 686 mg/kg flavonoids, including 146 mg/kg anthocyanins. Leaves contained 2,658 mg/kg ascorbic acid and 20,553 mg/kg essential oil.
While comparable with other Apiaceae in most types of compounds, fennel had a lower flavonoid inventory, but a higher amount of lycopene.

MAKING YOGHURT FLAVOURED WITH ESSENTIAL OILS

Felicia Tuțulescu — 2023-12-19

Essential oils are gaining interest from the academic and industrial communities as they have been associated with a possible antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms. Not many studies are known about the effect of essential oils on useful bacteria in fermentative processes. The present study investigated the possibility of flavouring yoghurt with essential oils. Five oils (mint, clove, cinnamon, sage, orange) extracted by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type equipment were tested. Each oil was tested in three concentrations (0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1%). The coagulation capacity of the milk was monitored by measuring the pH at regular intervals (1 hour) and it was found that at no oil concentration was the fermentative capacity of the lactic acid bacteria used in this study inhibited. Sensory analysis led to the conclusion that yoghurt flavoured with orange oil scored highest.

BIODIVERSITY AND HABITATS OF THE PROTECTED AREA ROSCI0174 STUDINITA FOREST

Mariana Luminița Olaru — 2023-12-19

In order to carry out the work, some basic notions regarding biodiversity were presented. In order to carry out the study, an inventory of the species from the 6 categories found in the analysed site was carried out: plants, insects, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
In addition, the 2 habitats found in the protected area were also presented, one of which is of particular importance.
Regarding the species of plants and animals encountered, a number of individuals were also noted that present various types of importance at the national and international level, a fact determined by the legislation in force, within the protected area a series of activities of maintenance of the forest massif for conservation purposes.