ANNALS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CRAIOVA, Biology, Horticulture, Food products processing technology, Environmental engineering

A REVIEW OF THE PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF SOME AUTOCHTHONOUS GRAPE CULTIVARS CULTIVATED AT S.C.D.C.P.N. DĂBULENI

Maria-Florentina Băjenaru — 2025-11-28

Native grape cultivars are essential for preserving the cultural identity, biodiversity, and viticultural heritage of a region. The wide range of cultivars worldwide highlights the high genetic variability of grapevines and their remarkable adaptability to diverse ecological conditions. However, interest in traditional Romanian cultivars has gradually declined: some remained under cultivation until the mid-20th century, others survive only in ampelographic collections, and many have been lost. While several countries recognized the limitations of hybrid cultivars early on and chose to preserve native ones through grafting, Romanian viticulture has largely maintained its identity through the production of wines from indigenous and local cultivars. To safeguard this identity, it is vital to prioritize the cultivation of native grape cultivars, including newly developed cultivars, while also integrating foreign cultivars that have adapted well to Romanian pedoclimatic conditions. This paper provides a review of several native grape cultivars that have been historically cultivated at the Research and Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands Dăbuleni.

XERISCAPING – SMART LANDSCAPING WITH INDIGENOUS PLANTS ADAPTED TO DROUGHT

Petronela Camen-Comănescu — 2025-11-28

Urban green spaces play a crucial role in improving environmental quality, mitigating climate change impacts, and enhancing the well-being of city inhabitants. However, water scarcity caused by global warming, population growth, pollution, and unsustainable irrigation practices increasingly threatens the sustainability of conventional landscaping models. The use of turfgrass and non-native species with high water requirements has amplified this pressure, often resulting in degraded and visually unappealing urban landscapes during summer droughts.
Xeriscaping, a concept developed in the early 1980s in Denver, USA, represents a sustainable landscaping approach based on water-efficient planning, the use of drought-tolerant plants, soil conservation techniques, and reduced maintenance inputs. This paper explores the potential of xeriscaping for urban areas in Romania, where climate change and soil aridization are becoming more pronounced. Particular emphasis is placed on the integration of indigenous flora adapted to drought conditions, which can provide ecological, economic, and aesthetic benefits.

EVALUATION OF JAM AND SYRUP PROCESSING POTENTIAL OF THREE SUMMER-BEARING RASPBERRY CULTIVARS

Tincuța-Marta Gocan — 2025-11-28

The development of value-added products represents a strategic approach to increasing the profitability and sustainability of small fruit production. This study aimed to evaluate the jam and syrup processing potential of three summer-bearing raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars. Fruits from each cultivar were subjected to standardized processing protocols, and the resulting products were analyzed for physicochemical properties (soluble solids, titratable acidity, and vitamin C). Significant differences among cultivars and processing methods were observed, particularly in titratable acidity, soluble solids and total sugars, suggesting that cultivar selection plays a decisive role in determining product quality and market suitability. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of cultivar choice in optimizing raspberry-derived jam and syrup production, exhibiting variable total sugar contents between cultivars (syrup: ‘Canby’-84,4 g/L; jam: ‘Willamette’ 55.67 %).

EVALUATION OF NEW HERBICIDE MOLECULES, HERBICIDE MIXTURES, AND THEIR COMPATIBILITIES IN SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR L.) CULTIVATION UNDER THE PEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STATION (ARDS) LIVADA

Susana Mondici — 2025-11-28

This study was conducted at the Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS) Livada during the 2024–2025 growing season to systematically evaluate the selectivity and efficacy of novel herbicidal molecules and their combinations in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivation. The research focused on determining the tolerance of sorghum to the herbicides.Proman and Barracuda, establishing optimal application rates, and identifying the most effective timing for the control of both annual and perennial monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds. The experiments were carried out under the pedoclimatic conditions characteristic of Livada, Satu Mare County, Romania, providing a robust assessment of the herbicides’ agronomic performance, selectivity, and potential contribution to sustainable sorghum production systems.

BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF TWO LAVENDER (LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA Mill.) CULTIVARS

Dan Răzvan Popoviciu — 2025-11-28

Two lavender cultivars grown in local farms, in Buzău county, were analyzed for determining bioactive compounds contents: ‘Codeanca’ and ‘Vera’.
They were found to have different carotenoid contents, with a total amount of 20.71–26.43 mg/kg, with lutein and lycopene being the most important. β-carotene was only found in significant amounts in ‘Vera’ cultivar. The total phenolic compounds inventory ranged between 20,313–35,753 mg/kg, with maximum concentration in ‘Vera’. Phenolic acids were dominant (69–73 %), with flavonoids forming most of the remaining amounts.
Oil amounts averaged 15,533 mg/kg in ‘Vera’ and 12,000 mg/kg in ‘Codreanca’. Ascorbic acid content showed the widest array of variation, with an average of 1,278 mg/kg in ‘Vera’ and only 189 mg/kg in ‘Codreanca’.
Among the two cultivars, under the local conditions,‘Vera’ was the richest in terms of carotenoids (total, β-carotene, lutein and xanthins), phenolic compounds (total, phenolic acids, flavonoids – including flavanols and anthocyanins, tannins, coumarins, stilbenes), oil and ascorbic acid. ‘Codreanca’. Scored highest only in terms of lycopene content.

INTRODUCTION OF A NEW FRUIT SPECIES TO EUROPE THROUGH DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROPAGATION: ASIMINA TRILOBA (L.) DUNAL

Andrei Florin Tabacu — 2025-11-28

Pawpaw (Asimina triloba L. Dunal), also known as the Northern banana, is a temperate species belonging to the predominantly tropical family Annonaceae. In recent years, pawpaw has emerged as a promising novel fruit crop in Romania, attracting increasing interest due to its adaptability to temperate climates. This study evaluates the response of several Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal genotypes to generative and vegetative propagation methods. Although seed propagation is traditional for pawpaw, grafting remains the most effective technique for multiplying and maintaining superior cultivars for commercial orchards and germplasm conservation. The research comprised two complementary experiments. The first addressed seed propagation over several years, with seeds from distinct genotypes sown under controlled greenhouse conditions each spring. Temperature and relative humidity were optimized to ensure uniform germination and seedling growth. The second experiment focused on vegetative propagation by grafting, assessing graft success, annual growth, and the influence of grafting height on plant vigor. Rootstocks were seedlings or suckers, while scions were grafted by chip or T-budding in April–May.

RESEARCH ON THE ATTACK CAUSED BY SPECIES OF THE GENUS EURYGASTER IN SOME WHEAT CROPS IN IASI COUNTY

Ana Maria Almașanu (Almașanu Ungureanu) — 2025-11-28

Observations and analyses on the attack produced by species of the genus Eurygaster on wheat crops. from 10 nearby localities in Iasi County. To apply the research methodology, laboratory analyses were carried out on wheat samples (15 in number) that were randomly taken from different points of the lots at various depths. From the samples selected from all 10 locations in 2020, a very high incidence of the degree of attack could be observed, practically all the grains showed traces of the insect attack, with the exception of the samples from the localities of Mosna, Tutora, Gorban and Cozmesti where variable quantities of unaffected grains were recorded. In 2021, there was a significant increase in the quantity of grains analyzed compared to the previous year. In the samples analyzed in 2022, the frequency of affected grains showed a decrease as well as a different distribution of the pest attack. This trend of decreasing attack frequency suggests a possible efficiency of the applied control measures or less favorable climatic conditions for the development of the pest.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND QUALITY CHARACTHERISTICS OF MULBERRY (MORUS SPP.) UNDER CONDITIONS OF MOARA DOMNEASCĂ, ROMANIA

Alexandra Bardoș Marțiș — 2025-11-28

This study evaluates the biometric and qualitative characteristics of mulberry (Morus spp.) fruits from two reference cultivars (‘Riviera’ and ‘Beautiful Day’) and seven ex situ genotypes cultivated at Moara Domnească Farm, Ilfov County, Romania. Fruit traits including length, weight, diameter, and soluble solids content (°Brix) were measured, and data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and correlation tests. Results showed that ‘Riviera’ produced the longest and heaviest fruits, while ‘Beautiful Day’ displayed intermediate values. Ex situ genotypes were generally smaller, though ExS-G6 stood out with higher sweetness (17.3 °Brix) despite moderate fruit size. ANOVA revealed significant differences among cultivars for length, weight, and diameter (p < 0.01), but not for °Brix. Training system (open center vs. layered palmette) had no significant influence on morphometric traits or fruit acidity. ‘Beautiful Day’ exhibited higher pH values than black-fruited ones, indicating lower acidity. These findings highlight the potential of specific ex situ genotypes, particularly ExS-G6, as valuable resources for breeding and direct consumption, while confirming Riviera’s superiority for fruit size and productivity.

INFLUENCE OF SEVERAL FACTORS ON THE INCIDENCE OF DIGESTIVE VIRAL INFECTIONS

Daniela Ciupeanu — 2025-11-28

Digestive viral infections are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, especially among children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. The main viral agents are rotavirus, norovirus, and adenovirus, transmitted mostly through the fecal–oral route and influenced by hygiene, food and water safety, and seasonality. Rotavirus remains highly prevalent in children despite vaccination, while norovirus frequently causes outbreaks in both communities and healthcare settings. Adenovirus, though less common, plays a notable role in pediatric cases. Prevention relies on vaccination, strict hygiene, safe drinking water, and public health education, all crucial in reducing their overall impact.

THE EFFECT OF THINNING OF PEACH IN SOUTH-EASTERN ROMANIA

Gheorghe Lămureanu — 2025-11-28

Peach cultivars tend to set up a large number of fruits on the tree and there is a risk that they will remain small, with sour taste and without commercial value (Cepoiu N. and Manolache, 2006). That is why manual fruit thinning is considered effective, even if it is expensive (Costa and Vizzotto, 2000). Thinning is an essential agronomic intervention in peach cultivation, as the final fruit quality largely relies on the success of this technique (Costa et al, 2022). The research observed manual thinning, done at different intensities and its influence on the productivity and fruit quality of ‘Filip’ and ‘Redhaven’ peach cultivars. The study was carried out at Research Station for Fruit Growing (RSFG Constanța), between 2021 and 2023. ‘Filip’ and ‘Redhaven’ peach cultivars were studied. The fruit trees are 12 years old, the planting distance being 4 m/3 m and the crown shape is improved vase. The experimental variants were: V1- 50 % thinned fruits; V2- no thinning (Control). The fruit on control trees were counted before and after thinning, in May of each year. The studied varieties have different biological potential regarding the blossoming intensity and the fruit yields, favorable or less favorable climatic conditions contributing to this, among other factors. From the presented data we can clearly see that the thinning of fruit does not influence much the production but has a big impact upon the physical qualities of the fruit, such as their weight.

CLINICAL UTILITY OF VIDEO CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS: A CASE REPORT AND IMAGING ANALYSIS

Mariana Luminiţa Olaru — 2025-11-28

This paper analyzes the usefulness of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) in diagnosing gastrointestinal disorders, with focus on the small intestine. The study presents the observational case of a 60-year-old male with chronic dyspepsia, in whom standard investigations showed no abnormalities. VCE enabled complete exploration of the digestive tract, revealing normal gastric and intestinal mucosa without bleeding, inflammation, or tumor lesions. Colon visualization was partly limited by residual content but showed no significant abnormalities. The results confirm the value of VCE as a complementary method, contributing to faster diagnosis, reduced invasive procedures, and improved patient comfort. Integrating this technology supports more efficient management of patients with nonspecific digestive symptoms and chronic gastrointestinal diseases.

THE FLORA OF THE GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE GEOPARK PLATEAU MEHEDINȚI, ROMANIA

Ioana Simion — 2025-11-28

This paper presents the flora of the grassland ecosystems from the Geopark Plateau Mehedinți. The temperate-continental climatic characteristics, with sub-Mediterranean and even oceanic influences, determine the specificity of the grassland ecosystems in the Geopark: natural and semi-natural grassland formations: natural grasslands: rupicolous calcareous or basophile grasslands of the Alysso-Sedion albi, rupicolous Pannonic grasslands (Stipo-Festucetalia pallentis) represented by communities on calcareous substrates that come into contact with beech karst forests; semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometea) (*important orchid sites), sub-pannonic steppic grasslands; semi-natural wet meadows with tall herbs: [Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae), hydrophilous tall-herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels; mesophilous meadows: [Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis), mountain hay meadows and even ecosystems of serpentine outcrops present in xerophile grasslands. Also, vegetation from medio-European calcareous screes of hill and mountain levels and calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation, which occupy smaller or larger areas, they are most often integrated into the xerohyllous meadows from the territory or come into contact with them.

SUSTAINABLE VITICULTURE SOLUTIONS FOR PRESERVING SOIL STRUCTURE IN THE CURRENT CLIMATE CONTEXT

Mihai Tudor — 2025-11-28

We are currently facing extreme weather phenomena, and their extension and intensity negatively influence the entire viticultural ecosystem with an impact on production yields and grape quality. For a sustainable conservation of natural resources in viticulture, it is necessary to ensure a scientific basis for all the actions and measures that can prevent and mitigate the consequences of current environmental changes resulted from human intervention. Our study investigates some conservative viticulture strategies that aim at soil improvement and erosion reduction; higher organic matter ratios in superficial soil layers; improving physical properties for arable layer; achieving optimal soil aero-hydric and nutritional regime; creating optimal conditions for water infiltration and conservation throughout soil structure; reducing air pollution as a result of lower green house gas emissions.

THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE PARTICIPATION OF DRĂGĂȘANI WINE IN NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONS IN THE PERIOD 1866–1900

George Lucian Badea — 2025-11-28

The natural conditions present in the Drăgășani Vineyard are among the most favorable for obtaining quality wines belonging to all types and categories. The Drăgășani winegrowers were the first and most active in participating with their wines since the 19th century in the organized exhibitions and competitions nationally and internationally. The results of these concerns have contributed to the universal knowledge of the wines from the vineyard, to the stimulation of the internal and external wine trade and to the outline of the assortment of varieties that must be cultivated in Drăgăşani in order to obtain superior quality wines with controlled designation of origin. It should be noted that Podgoria Drăgășani is perhaps the only one in our country that, through winegrowers, has made the most persevering efforts to assert the quality of its wines abroad since the 19th century.

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF CIRCADIAN RHYTMS OF PLANTS

Luminița Bușe-Dragomir — 2025-11-28

Studying circadian rhythms in plants is essential for understanding how they coordinate their biological processes according to the daily cycles of light and darkness. This field of research is of particular importance from several points of view. It ensures the optimization of photosynthesis and growth, since, as is known, circadian rhythms control the opening and closing of stomata, regulating gas exchange and water loss. They synchronize the activity of enzymes involved in photosynthesis with the time of day, maximizing the energy efficiency of the plant.The biological rhythms can be affected by external factors, but are not determined exclusively by them. Light, temperature and humidity can adjust the internal clock, but they do not generate it - it is endogenous. Desynchronization of biological rhythms negatively affects plant development. If the biological clock is disrupted, plants become less efficient in metabolic processes and have reduced growth.

ALMOND CULTIVARS RELEASED AT RESEARCH STATION FOR FRUIT GROWING CONSTANȚA

Corina Gavat — 2025-11-28

The aim of this work was to highlight as ‘Veronica’ and ‘Mirela’ cultivars released at Research Station for Fruit Growing Constanta (RSFG Constanta) are corresponding to the current climatic conditions and they can assure the market requirements. There were studied including the main phenophases, the yield per tree, the average weight of the fruit, the percentage of core/shell, total lipids, etc. The control was the ‘Ferragnes’ that is widely used in the world as one of the main cultivars. It seems as planting almonds in south-eastern part of Romania is a very reasonable alternative culture, due to the following aspects: the temperatures of the last fifteen days of March are normally suitable for the processes of pollination; spring and summer temperatures are suitable for tree growth and fruit ripening. It is very important to highlight that there are late flowering new cultivars that reduce the risk of frost. ‘Veronica’ and ‘Mirela’ enrich and diversify the assortment; they have late flowering, early fruit ripening from the 3rd decade of August- the 1st decade of September and, from the 1st and 2nd decade of September respectively and good yields.

BASIL, THYME, AND OREGANO ESSENTIAL OILS AS AGENTS FOR COMBATING PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI – A REVIEW

Viorica Moacă (Mutu) — 2025-11-28

Essential oils are defined as aromatic oily liquids obtained from different parts of plants. They are often responsible for the distinctive smell or taste of a plant. Many of these oils, through their components (carvacrol, thymol, eugenol), exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activity. Being environmentally friendly compounds, they can be successfully used as biopesticides, either individually or in combination. This study is a literature review concerning the chemical composition and antifungal activity of basil, thyme, and oregano oils on phytopathogenic fungi from the genera Aspergillus, Botrytis, Fusarium, and Penicillium

EFFICIENCY OF CHEMICAL THINNING IN DIFFERENT TREATMENT DOSE ON GALA MUST VARIETY WITH PRODUCTS BASED ON NAD, ANA AND BA

Ananie Peșteanu — 2025-11-28

The study subjects were Gala Must apple variety grafted on M 9 rootstock and thinning active substances such as NAD (Geramid-New), NAA (Dirager) and BA (Gerba 4LG), using in different doses and thinning periods. During the research, such indicators as the number and average weight of the fruit, the yield per tree and per unit area and the average fruit diameter were studied. It was established that, the spray with Geramid-New in dose 1.2 l/ha when 80 % of the petals have fallen + 2-3 days, Dirager in dose 0.3 l/ha when the king fruit diameter was 8-9 mm, and Gerba 4LG in dose 2.5 l/ha when the king fruit diameter was 10-15 mm have a significant effect on the number of the fruits, average weight, yield and fruits

THE IMPACT OF OVERGRAZING ON PROTECTED, MELLIFEROUS, AND XEROPHILOUS SPECIES IN SOUTHEASTERN ROMANIA – A CASE STUDY

Traian Ciprian Stroe — 2025-11-28

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of overgrazing on the frequency of protected, melliferous, and xerophilous plant species in the natural grasslands of southeastern Romania. Given that intensive grazing is one of the main anthropogenic pressures on steppe and forest-steppe ecosystems, the study focused on identifying floristic changes caused by the intensity of pastoral use.
The research was conducted in three distinct areas with different grazing regimes: a control area (ungrazed), a moderately grazed area, and a heavily grazed area. For a total of 18 species of conservation, medicinal, or ecological value, occurrence frequencies were recorded in microplots, and the data were subjected to statistical analysis (Pearson correlations).
The results show a strong negative correlation (r < –0.99) between grazing intensity and the presence of sensitive species, such as Muscari racemosum, Hypericum perforatum, Adonis vernalis, and Pulsatilla montana. Frequency and distribution charts confirm the decline of these species in overgrazed areas.
The conclusions highlight the need for rational pasture management, through controlled grazing and active conservation of habitats with priority flora. The study provides valuable scientific support for environmental policies, pastoral management plans, and plant biodiversity conservation programs in areas affected by anthropogenic pressures

AQUATIC MICROFLORA OF THE JIU RIVER, IȘALNIȚA-ZĂVAL SECTOR

Carmen Daniela Bălescu — 2025-11-28

This paper presents the ecological status of the designated water bodies on the Jiu River in the downstream sector of the Ișalnița reservoir - upstream of the Danube River confluence (Ișalnița-Zăval sector), taking into account the biological quality indicator for surface waters - phytoplankton, an essential component of the aquatic microflora of the Jiu River. The paper presents the characteristics of the river from a biological and physico-chemical point of view, respectively the water quality in three important sections of the Jiu-Danube Hydrographic Area: the first one marking the upper limit of the Lower Basin of the Jiu River (the Jiu to Podari section), the second one Jiu to Malu-Mare and the third one marking the closure of the Jiu River reception basin with the balance of chemical compound loads, upstream of the confluence with the Danube River (the Jiu to Zăval section). The paper also presents other aspects related to the anthropogenic impact on water bodies but also to the self-purification capacity of the Jiu River, a process generated by aquatic organisms in general and phytoplankton in particular.

GRAFTING OF GRAPEVINES – THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE OBTAINING OF QUALITY PLANTING MATERIAL. STUDIERS AND RESEARCHES CARRIED ON

Mihaela Cioată — 2025-11-28

After the decimation of vineyards caused by the attack of the Phylloxera insect (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) in the end of XIX century, a real industry of producing planting material had to be developed with relatively high costs and often low yields. In order to provide answers to these problems, researchers in the field have studied all the technological stages and factors that can influence this complex process with the aim to obtain new healthy and vigorous plants that gives quality harvests.This paper presents the current situation of the issue of producing vine planting material in the world and in Romania. Emphasis is placed on revealing the critical points encountered in the production process of grafted vines, starting from the quality and health status of the scions and rootstocks, their storage method, the grafting technique, callus and the communicating vessels formation and the nursery management.

DIVERSITY OF WEED SPECIES FROM MAIZE CROP AND IT’S IMPORTANCE FOR NEW ECOLOGICAL WAYS

Nicolaie Ionescu — 2025-11-28

Being a plant cultivated maize frequently becomes weedy at levels considered dangerously high. The plant, having requirements especially for water, benefits to the greatest extent from the segetal species, namely from the "summer" group. The determinations regarding weed species targeted areas cultivated with maize on private farms. The inventories carried out under these conditions are becoming important today, both for the perspective of weed conservation from an ecological perspective, and as their effective response to the control methods that are taken. The determinations resulted in a total of 22 species. Of these, 13 were part of the annual dicotyledons, 6 were perennial dicotyledons and 2 species were annual monocotyledons. The entire plant spectrum was part of 13 botanical families, the best represented being Poaceae. The species were then grouped according to density and constancy, and under these conditions the dominant species was Echinochloa crus-galli L./P. Beauv. With the help of this data, appropriate decisions can be made to control the entire weed spectrum in maize, especially for the dominant ones. The inventory of weeds in maize thus also acquires a clearly practical character, with the help of which some levels of economic control-fighting intervention are also established.

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF WINTER CONDITIONS ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF TRADITIONALLY INDOOR PLANT SPECIES CULTIVATED OUTDOORS: A CASE STUDY OF THREE TAXA — AGAPANTHUS AFRICANUS (L.) Hoffmanns, TRACHELIUM CAERULEUM (L.) AND BEGONIA 'STERLING MOON'

Eugenia Niță — 2025-11-28

Depending on their origin, the plants in Romania may be cultivated outdoors, where they must tolerate low winter temperatures, or indoors, where they require consistently warm conditions all year-round. Indoor plants are typically tropical or subtropical species adapted to stable temperatures, humidity, and specific light levels. Growing these species outdoors during winter in temperate or temperate-continental climates poses significant biological and ecological challenges. This study focuses on three taxa - Agapanthus africanus (L.) Hoffmanns., Trachelium caeruleum L., and Begonia 'Sterling Moon'—classified within USDA hardiness zones 7b (tolerating –15 °C to –12.2 °C) - 11. Although Bucharest lies in USDA zone 7, these taxa are generally cultivated in protected environments. The aim of the study is to assess their ability to withstand low winter temperatures and retain flowering and fruiting potential.

ASSESSING THE INVASIVE POTENTIAL OF SOME NON-NATIVE ORNAMENTAL PLANTS IN ROMANIA

Maria Raicu — 2025-11-28

Non-native ornamental plants are widely used in urban landscapes, but however some non-native of these species may escape cultivation and become invasive, threatening native biodiversity. This study evaluates the invasive potential of ornamental taxa plant species currently cultivated, escaped, or naturalized in Romania. A set of nineteen diagnostic questions addressing species origin, reproductive traits, ecological adaptability, and documented invasiveness was applied using field observations and literature data. The results indicate that several ornamental species commonly employed in landscaping possess traits associated with high invasive potential, raising concerns for both urban ecosystems and adjacent natural habitats. The study underscores the necessity of incorporating standardized risk assessment tools into urban planning and horticultural practice. Integrating such evaluations into species selection can help prevent future invasions and contribute to sustainable landscape management.

DETERMINATION OF THE FOOD NEED OF THE VINE AND THE BALANCING OF MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES AND THE INFLUENCE OF SOME FACTORS ON THE ABSORPTION OF MACROMOLECULAR ELEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF GRAFTING ROPES

Ion Bogdan Truşcă — 2025-11-28

The vine uses different amounts of substances in the nutrition process every year, the extraction process being varied depending on various factors: the requirements of the graft variety, the absorption capacity of the rootstock variety, climatic factors, the morphological characteristics of the soil.
The study conducted at the Research and Development Station for Viticulture and Vinification (RDSVV) Drăgășani aimed to investigate the influence of certain factors on the absorption of macroelements from the soil by the vine and certain requirements of the graft variety, the absorption capacity of the rootstock variety, the natural fertility of the soil, the use of various fertilizers.

CONTRIBUTION TO ODONATA FROM FÂNTÂNELE LAKE (DOLJ, ROMANIA)

Anda Felicia Babalean — 2025-11-28

This paper presents the Odonata taxonomic diversity of Fântânele Lake, an anthropogenic dam lake in Dolj County – Oltenia region, during the years 2023 an 2025. The faunistic account includes 5 species of Zygoptera and 4 species of Anisoptera. The Odonata diversity of Fântânele Lake is compared with that of Romanescu Park Lake, using the dichotomous similarity coefficient Jaccard.

PRODUCTIVITY OF SOME PLUM CULTIVARS UNDER THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Maxim Burlacu — 2025-11-28

The study subjects were 6 plum cultivars of the European assortment as: ‘Pitestean’ (C), ‘Cacanska Najbolia’, ‘Empresso’, ‘Stanley’, ‘Blue Free’ and ‘President’, grafted on the Myrobalan seedling rootstock, planting distance 5.0x3.0 m, crown shape naturally pyramid. During the research, the trunk diameter and growth, trunk cross-sectional area, development of phenological phases of fruiting bodies, number of fruits, their average weight, fruit yield per tree and per unit area were studied. In the reference period it was established that the cultivars ‘Piteșteanca’, ‘Cacanska Najbolia’, ‘Empresso’, ‘Stanley’, ‘Blue Free’ and ‘President’ allow to obtain yields from 11.7 to 25.4 t/ha of competitive quality, distributed over 45 harvesting days.

THE USE OF GIS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Dan Nicolae Diaconu — 2025-11-28

Humanity is highly dependent on functioning ecosystems and natural capital, which underpin a constant flow of ecosistem services (ES) from nature to society. ES maps are a very important tool for bringing ES into practical applications. With the help of an ecosystem services potential assessment matrix and GIS analysis, a set of maps was created at the level of „Porțile de Fier” Natural Park, for 4 ecosystem services: global climate regulation, water purification, crop production, recreation and tourism. The park has a high potential for all of the ecosystem services mentioned, except production/crops. Forests offer the greatest potential for these services. Ecosystem services are the contributions of ecosystem structure and function (in combination with other resources) to human well-being.

INTEGRATING SHAKESPEAREAN BOTANICAL INTO A LANDSCAPE DESIGN CONCEPT

Andreea Melinescu — 2025-11-28

This paper explores the symbolic meanings of plants in Shakespeare’s works and their application in landscape design. The most frequently mentioned species, such as the apple tree, rose, lily, and rosemary, were analyzed for their literary symbolism and incorporated into the design of a 150 m² private garden. The result demonstrates how literary symbolism can inspire aesthetic and conceptual coherence in contemporary garden design.

OPTIMIZATION OF PHENOL EXTRACTION FROM GRAPE POMACE USING ECO-FRIENDLY SOLVENTS AND DIFFERENTIATED THERMAL TREATMENTS

Loredana Cătălina Pantazi — 2025-11-28

This study examines the effects of solvent type and temperature on the extraction efficiency of phenolic compounds from grape pomace. Four solvents were tested: 50 % hydroalcoholic solution, 3 % and 5 % citric acid solutions, and pectinase, with extractions conducted at 20 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C. The results indicate that the hydroalcoholic solvent at 20 °C yielded the highest extraction of total polyphenols, anthocyanins, and catechins. Increasing the temperature caused significant degradation of thermally sensitive phenolics, particularly anthocyanins, which was also evidenced by reduced color intensity of the extracts. The Folin-Ciocalteu index, serving as an indicator of total antioxidant capacity, correlated strongly with total polyphenol content, validating the analytical approach. While citric acid- and pectinase-based solvents showed lower extraction efficiency, they maintained better compound stability at higher temperatures. These findings suggest that hydroalcoholic extraction at low temperatures optimizes phenolic yield from grape pomace by minimizing thermal degradation and preserving antioxidant activity.

ABUNDANCE OF BENEFICIAL AND HARMFUL INSECTS IN PLUM ORCHARDS IN POBORU COMMUNE ECOSYSTEMS

Venera Daniela Stan — 2025-11-28

Each ecosystem presents a certain entomofauna that has an important role in maintaining the biological balance during its existence, reducing the need to apply chemical treatments. This paper presents a synthesis of the results of experiments carried out in three years of research in the North-Eastern part of Olt County. The experiments were carried out in a plum orchard in the Poboru locality, located in the North-Eastern part of Olt County, with low hilly terrain and a moderate temperate-continental climate, with an annual average rainfall of 600-700 mm. During the period 2021-2023, Barber traps, yellow sticky traps and pheromone traps were placed. 6 harvests were carried out each year from May to September. The number of individuals identified was variable from one year to another, being influenced by the crop and environmental conditions.

GROWTH AND FRUIT-BEARING OF RASPBERRY VARIETIES ACCORDING TO PRODUCTION CYCLE

Valerian Bălan — 2025-11-28

One of the main goals of the research is to have clarity regarding the systems of growing remontant raspberries on a single production cycle compared to 2 production cycles. Biometric analyses demonstrated greater height growth in variants with annual or only biennial stems. The object of the research were plants of the remontant varieties Enrosadira, Polonez and Polana cultivated in open ground. The planting distance was 2.5 m x 0.5 m. The following variants were studied: V1 - 10 annual stems per linear meter; V2 - 10 biennial stems per linear meter; V3 - 8 annual stems and 8 biennial stems per linear meter (Control). Higher productivity was obtained in the Polonez variety, with fruiting on annual and biennial stems in the same growing season, followed by the ,,Enrosadira’’ variety, with fruiting on annual stems.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL-BORNE PATHOGENS ON PLANT EMERGENCE IN DIFFERENT VEGETABLE SPECIES DEPENDING ON SOIL SAMPLE AND PREVIOUS CROP

Ana-Emilia Cenușă — 2025-11-28

The fungi Pythium debaryanum, Phytophthora parasitica, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium spp. are some of the most destructive soil-borne pathogens, causing significant damage to a wide range of vegetable species. These species were identified in 7 soil samples from different areas of Romania. The “trap plants” method was used to detect the presence of soil-borne pathogens. Seeds from 4 vegetable species (tomatoes, peppers, eggplants and melons) were sown in the tested soil samples. Every 2 days, the emergence dynamics and the appearance and evolution of the attack of the mentioned pathogens were monitored and the frequency of rotten seeds and “fallen seedlings” were calculated. Tomatoes, peppers, eggplants and melons plants emerged best in soil samples 6 (Dolj County) where the predecessor plant was cauliflower, with an average of 94 %, 3 (Neamț County) also with cauliflower as the predecessor plant, with an average of 74% and sample 5 (Bucharest / Ilfov County) with eggplant as the predecessor plant with an average of 72 %.

AN OVERVIEW ON THERMOCHEMICAL VALORIZATION OF POTATO PEELS INTO ADDED-VALUE PRODUCTS

Ramona-Raluca Handolescu — 2025-11-28

The management of agri-food waste is a major environmental and economic challenge. Potato peels are a significant by-product of the food industry. They are rich in dietary fiber, phenolic compounds, residual starch, vitamins, and minerals. Valorization of potato peels into value-added products is a promising solution. Biochar and bio-oil can be produced via pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization. Hydrothermal carbonization converts wet biomass into hydrochar under moderate temperature and pressure, while pyrolysis decomposes peels in the absence of oxygen into solids, liquids, and gases. Potato peel biochar enhances soil fertility, sequesters carbon, adsorbs pollutants, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Chemical analyses confirm high nutrient and phenolic content with trace heavy metals, ensuring safety and efficiency. Overall, these treatments transform potato peel waste into renewable resources, supporting circular economy practices and climate change mitigation.

GENETIC DIVERSITY AND ADAPTABILITY IN PRUNUS SPECIES – PERSPECTIVES FOR CONSERVATION AND BREEDING

Alexandra-Nicoleta Mușuroi — 2025-11-28

The genus Prunus comprises a wide range of species, characterized by genetic variability in all its cultivated forms. This diversity is reflected in the species’ adaptability to varied soil and climatic conditions, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, and their ability to ensure production stability in the context of climate change. Global studies highlight species such as Prunus cerasifera for their remarkable ecological plasticity, providing valuable genetic resources for breeding programs. At the same time, modern agriculture pressures, such as variety standardization and the loss of local cultivars, lead to reduced biodiversity, underlining the need for germplasm conservation. Gene banks and genetically assisted selection strategies represent viable solutions for preserving and sustainably using genetic resources. Moreover, phenological, physiological, and genetic analyses of these species significantly contribute to understanding adaptation mechanisms, offering solid foundations for the development of sustainable and resilient agriculture.

EFFECT OF STARTER CULTURE CONCENTRATION ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL YOGURT

Laura Rădulescu — 2025-11-28

The study analyzes the influence of different concentrations of mixed starter cultures of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus on the physicochemical characteristics of natural yogurt. Yogurt was prepared from milk with 3.5 % fat, to which starter cultures were added at proportions of 0.5 %, 1 %, and 2 % of the milk volume for three separate samples. After homogenization and incubation, the obtained samples were analyzed from a physicochemical point of view. The different concentrations of the starter culture have a direct impact on the quality and physicochemical properties of the yogurt, affecting parameters such as acidity, texture, syneresis, and flavor. The determinations carried out included titratable acidity, fat content, moisture, and pH. The results obtained highlight how the level of inoculation with starter cultures influences the final quality of natural yogurt.

THE URBAN IMAGE AND THE ECOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF EDGES IN THE CASE OF CRAIOVA HISTORICAL CENTER

Andreea Trif — 2025-11-28

This paper examines the theory of urban image as articulated by Kevin Lynch, focusing on its relevance for urban regeneration strategies. It reports on a pedagogical project developed with landscape architecture students, translating theoretical notions into practical design solutions. The methodology combined site analysis, land-use opportunities, and proposals for transforming opaque boundaries into green, permeable interfaces. The approach integrates aesthetic, ecological, and sustainability principles, aiming to enhance spatial continuity and pedestrian experience while reinforcing the identity of Craiova’s historic core. The results demonstrate both educational value and practical applicability, suggesting a replicable model for similar urban contexts.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE SPECIES' CULTIVATION SYSTEM AND THE HARVESTING STAGE ON SOME QUALITY ELEMENTS IN MENTHA SPP

Rafael-Ioannis Antonopoulos — 2025-11-28

This paper presents the results of a study conducted on the genus Mentha ssp (Menta piperita and Menta spicata) cultivated in two different periods and in two different systems. Fertilizations were applied to the crop and irrigation was performed as often as the plants needed. The essential oil content and its composition were determined as well as the fresh and dried harvest quantity. After drying, an analysis was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) performed on an Agilent Technologies 7890A gas chromatograph, equipped with an HP-5 MS capillary column (30 m x 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm), connected in series with an Agilent Technologies 5975C mass spectrometer. The ionization method was electron beam bombardment at 70 eV (EIMS).

MACROMYCETES FROM THE FORESTS IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE CÂNDEȘTI PIEDMONT

Violeta Boruz — 2025-11-28

Observations carried out between May and November 2024 in the protected area “The forests in the Southern part of the Cândești Piedmont” (Dâmbovița County, Romania) led to the identification of 78 macromycete species. Approximately 90 % of the forests in this area are state-owned, while the remaining forests and non-forestier lands belong to the inhabitants of the nearby communities, namely from the localities of Cobia, Crângurile, Gura Foii, Hulubești, Lucieni, Dudești, Mănești, Raciu and Tătărani (Dâmbovița County). For each taxon listed, information is provided on its substrate, the community-interest habitat in which it was identified, altitude, collection date, locality, and practical importance (edibility, toxicity, etc.). Several pressures identified in the area highlight the need for rational management of this protected site.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE COMPONENT ELEMENTS OF THE ANTHROPIC VITICULTURAL ECOSYSTEM AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON GRAPE PRODUCTION UNDER THE SPECIFIC CONDITIONS OF S.D. BANU MĂRĂCINE

Dorin Constantin Costea — 2025-11-28

The viticultural ecosystem is recognized as a complex and integrated agroecosystem, in which natural components - such as soil, climate, soil microfauna, spontaneous vegetation, and grapevine varieties - interact with anthropogenic factors in ways that fundamentally determine the quality and uniqueness of grape production. Any alteration within this complex system, whether naturally occurring or human-induced, can lead to significant differences in the composition, structure, quality, and quantity of the yield. Therefore, the viticultural ecosystem should not be regarded merely as a framework for production, but as a strategic component of sustainable viticultural technology. The results presented in this paper fall within this context, representing a stage in a broader study focused on the components of the viticultural ecosystem, the relationships among them, and their influence on grape production under the specific conditions of the Banu Mărăcine Didactic Research Station.

STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME WHITE WINE VARIETIES GROWN IN THE BLAJ WINE-GROWING CENTER

Liviu Cristian Maracineanu — 2025-11-28

The study analyses the behaviour of four white wine grape varieties —Italian Riesling, Fetească Regală, Muscat-Ottonel, and Sauvignon —grown in the Blaj-Cenade wine-growing area. The research was conducted between 2019 and 2021 and consisted of assessing the climatic framework and the productive and qualitative potential of these varieties in the context of climate change. The year 2019 was hot and dry, with positive temperature deviations and low precipitation; 2020 was close to normal in terms of temperature, with high rainfall between August and October; and 2021 was normal in terms of temperature, with moderate precipitation. Climate indicators and wine production quality indicate that the Blaj-Cenade wine-growing centre is suitable for growing white varieties for high-quality wines. The study provides useful data for the sustainable management of vineyards in the context of climate change.

RESULTS REGARDING THE GROWTH OF TWO CHOKEBERRY VARIETIES INTRODUCED INTO THE STUDY AT RSFG CONSTANTA - INTERMEDIATE RESULTS

Vlăduț Alexandru Opriță — 2025-11-28

Aronia berries (Aronia melanocarpa) are small, dark berries that have become popular among health-conscious consumers. They’re considered one of the richest sources of plant antioxidants, which are said to offer many health-promoting properties. The berries have a strong mouth-drying effect, so they’re mainly used to make juices, purées, jams, jellies, syrups, teas, and wines. However, they’re also available fresh, frozen, dried, and in powder form. Aronia berries are small fruits that leave a dry feeling in your mouth. They’re added to many foods and beverages but also available as a supplement. At present, chokeberry cultivation amounts to over 500 ha at the national level. In the official catalog of varieties from Romania, we find a variety registered ”Melrom” maintainer being ICDP Pitesti, and in private nurseries we also find the variety ”Nero”, a variety brought to Romania for testing and acclimatization. In this paper, we observed the two varieties ”Melrom” and ”Nero”, varieties planted in the fall of 2023 in the experimental fields of SCDP Constanța

POPULATION ESTIMATES FOR SOME SPONTANEOUS FRUIT SPECIES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS LOCATED IN SOUTHERN ROMANIA

Florin Daniel Stamin — 2025-11-28

Wild edible fruit species play an important role in maintaining biodiversity, supporting ecosystems and socio-economic valorisation of natural resources. In the temperate zone, hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), rosehip (Rosa canina) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) are notable for their ecological, nutritional, and medicinal value. The present study aimed to estimate the populations of the three species in the Grădinile, Studinița and Vlădila forests (Olt county, Romania), using the T-square method. The results revealed significant variations in population density: R. canina recorded the highest densities in the Studinița Forest (4593.35 individuals/ha), followed by Vlădila (2064.98 individuals/ha), while in Grădinile the number of individuals was insufficient for the application of the method. C. monogyna had the highest density in Studinița (11854.42 individuals/ha), and P. spinosa was present only in the Vladila Forest, where 7274.09 individuals/ha were estimated. These results highlight the high ecological plasticity of hawthorn and the role of the Vladila Forest as a favourable habitat for all three species. The assessment of population numbers provides essential information for the conservation of genetic resources and for the substantiation of measures for sustainable management of forest ecosystems.

YIELD AND QUALITY OF CHERRY FRUITS (PRUNUS AVIUM L.) DEPENDING ON TREE FORMATION AND PRUNING

Valerian Balan — 2025-11-28

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pruning during the dormant and growing periods on the production and quality of cherry fruits of the varieties “Record” and “Valerii Cikalov”, grafted on Mahaleb rootstock, planted in 2003, at a distance of 6x5 m, and “Skeena” and “Stella”, grafted on MaxMa 14, planted in 2012, at a distance of 5x3 m. Pruning applied on 3 – 5 year old wood led to an increase in fruit yield by up to 6.7 – 8.9 % for the varieties “Valerii Cikalov” and “Record”. In the varieties “Skeena” and “Stella”, pruning performed during the growing period had a major positive effect on quality. This practice stimulated the production of fruits with a diameter greater than 28 mm, registering an increase of up to 15.8 – 34.2 % compared to pruning performed on dry (dormant) wood. Pruning during the growing season has proven to be a practical method for improving fruit quality and size.

STUDY ON THE USE OF PALM OIL IN PASTRY MAKING

Ramona Căpruciu — 2025-11-28

One of the main reasons why palm oil has recently been found in many restaurant kitchens, canteens, bakeries, and pastry shops is its low burning point, which causes the substances in the oil to degrade slowly, allowing palm oil to be reused multiple times compared to other edible oils on the market.
This study analyses the qualitative aspects of palm oil used in the production of pastries, including organoleptic analysis and the determination of the leading quality indicators of the oil: acidity index and peroxide index, which are the primary objectives of this research.

WINE COMPOSITION ANALYSES OF THE MAIN GRAPE CULTIVARS FROM THE DRĂGĂŞANI VINEYARD

Sergiu-Ștefan Gorjan — 2025-11-28

Research and analyses were carried out in 2021-2023 in the plantations of Drăgăşani vineyard, in the plantations and the SCDVV Laboratory Drăgăşani.
The grape cultivars analyzed and studied were 'Sauvignon petit', 'Fetească regală, 'Crâmpoşie Selecţionată', 'Vilarom', 'Alutus', 'Cabernet sauvignon', 'Negru de Drăgăşani' and 'Novac', grape cultivars of certain value in obtaining quality white and red wines.
The qualities of the wine obtained from these grape cultivars were highlighted, through physical-chemical analyses, in order to obtain DOC and GI wines and promote them on the national and international wine market. Drăgăşani wines therefore continue their traditional performance today, that of dominating the market with their famous wines with unrivaled quality characteristics.

EVOLUTION OF THE CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AMODERATELY PODZOLIZED ALBIC LUVISOL UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF LIMING AND CULTIVATED AGRICULTURAL SPECIES

Susana Mondici — 2025-11-28

In order to evaluate the nutrient supply status of amoderately podzolized albicluvic soil, and to assess the influence of liming on the chemical characteristics of the soil, an experimental field was established to test different agricultural species under both amended and unamended conditions.At the same time, the study aimed to identify and characterize agricultural species and varieties with high tolerance to soil acidity, capable of efficiently exploiting acidic lands, by assessing the agronomic performance and quality of new crops (buckwheat, chickpea, mustard, sweet sorghum, faba bean, lentil) alongside those of conventional crops cultivated in the area (red clover, lupine, triticale, wheat).The results demonstrated that liming of acidic soils has significant effects on the supply of macro- and microelements, reflected in an increased availability of essential nutrients and improved absorption by the ten plant species tested.

COMPARATIVE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN SEEDS OF IRRIGATED AND NON-IRRIGATED FLAX (LINUM USITATISSIMUM L.) CULTIVAR ALEXIN

Marius-Daniel Radu — 2025-11-28

Flax from cultivar Alexin was grown on three different water regimes: non-irrigated, half dose and full-dose irrigated. Seeds were harvested, extracted in 70 % ethanol solution and analyzed for antioxidant activity, using the DPPH method.
Results show an extreme variation of antioxidant activity with irrigation regime, from just 3.18 % in non-irrigated flax, to 48.24 % in full-dose irrigated one, with 18.08 % at half dose irrigation, corresponding to IC50 values of 45.68–106.88. Irrigation, even with half dose raised linseed tissue extract potential to strongly antioxidant and to very strongly antioxidant at full dose..
These results can be linked to data showing a major increase in concentrations of some key compounds, especially of phenolic compounds.

COMPARISON OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL INGREDIENTS FROM A WILD POPULATION OF ST. JOHN'S WORT (HYPERICUM PERFORATUM) IN ITS NATURAL ENVIRONMENT VERSUS INTENSIVE CULTIVATION

Athina Tegou — 2025-11-28

Hypericum perforatum, widely recognized as St. John's wort, is a member of the Hypericaceae family. This herb is noted for its therapeutic properties, particularly its potent anti-inflammatory and antidepressant effects. The present study aims to analyze the essential oil content and its characteristics from a natural population of the plant in its native habitat, as well as from an intensively cultivated population in Larissa during the year 2023. The population originates from Ellinopirgos, Karditsa, situated on Agrafa Mountain at an altitude of 650 meters. The harvest was carried out manually on two occasions (the first on 10/6/2023 and the second on 19/7/2023) for the population established in the Larissa region under intensive cultivation, while it was performed once (on 25/6/2023) for the natural population located in the Ellinopirgos area. Following each sampling, the collected samples were sent to the laboratory for drying until a stable weight was reached. A sufficient number of samples from both locations were subjected to hydrodistillation to obtain the essential oil, using a Clevenger apparatus in the Laboratory. The results indicated a variation in the components of the essential oils, with certain substances exhibiting a zero percent content depending the sampling. These substances included: cadinene-δ, cadinene-γ, cadinol-α, dodecanol-n, (E)-β-farnesene, himachalene-β, himachalene-γ, himachalol, limonene, muurolene-γ, myrcene, nonane (N-), pinene-β, and undecane (N-). Additionally, among the other detected substances, which were caryophyllene (E-), caryophyllene-oxide, himachalene-α, pinene-α, selinene-α, selinene-β, spathulenol, and tetradecanol (n-), statistically significant differences were observed between the two cuts in intensive cultivation as well as across the various environments. This control study serves as a basis for further research into other natural populations to determine whether the essential oil content and its characteristics are influenced by the ecological conditions of the area or are inherent to the biotype. The presentation of these findings may provide a crucial cultivation guide for St. John's wort, aiding in the selection of areas and populations with the ultimate goal of optimizing its production (experiments in progress).

RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIES OF THE GENUS EURYGASTER AND THE ASSESSMENT OF THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY THEM IN SOME WHEAT CROPS IN IAȘI COUNTY

Ana Maria Almașanu (Almașanu Ungureanu) — 2025-11-28

The research was carried out during 2020-2021 in selected forest sectors from 10 localities in Iași County. The method for assessing the density of Stink bug of the genus Eurygaster was carried out based on soil surveys, carried out on areas of 1 square meter, this parameter being essential in ecology and plant protection, to determine the degree of infestation or the distribution of a population in a habitat. Analysis of the recorded data revealed significant variations in the distribution and abundance of the Eurygaster integriceps, Eurygaster maura and Eurygaster austriaca species.In 2020, the density per square meter of the Eurygaster integriceps species varied significantly from 2,9 to approximately 23 specimens, while the Eurygaster austriaca species recorded density values between 2,9 and 8,18 with a somewhat more uniform distribution. Following surveys conducted in the spring of 2021, a general decrease in the density of Stink bug was observed in most localities. With the highest density of 16,05 specimens/m2, the Eurygaster integriceps species was also recorded, and Eurygaster maura recorded the maximum density of 6,65 specimens, while Eurygaster austriaca recorded the value of 1,78 specimens/m2 as the maximum value. By correctly measuring these parameters, specialists can make informed decisions regarding the control of this species and how to optimize their production.

THE STUDY OF THE OENOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF THE TĂMÂIOASĂ ROMÂNEASCĂ GRAPE VARIETY CULTIVATED AT BANU MĂRĂCINE – CRAIOVA

Mircea Daniel Bică — 2025-11-28

The studies were conducted in the vineyard at the Banu Mărăcine Teaching Station of the University of Craiova and in the vineyard belonging to the Research and Development Station for Viticulture and Vinification in Drăgășani, located on the Olt Hill, where the Romanian Tămâioasă variety has made it possible to produce high-quality aromatic wines. Cultivated at Banu Mărăcine, the Romanian Tămâioasă variety, with its accumulations of sugars and acidity, as well as its richness in aromatic substances, provides the opportunity to obtain high-quality aromatic wines with the right to bear the designation of origin "Banu Mărăcine."

PATHOGENIC FUNGI: TAXONOMY, VIRULENCE, AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Daniela Ciupeanu — 2025-11-28

Pathogenic fungi are increasingly important in clinical and public health, with species like Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, and dermatophytes causing disease. They range from superficial infections of skin and nails to severe systemic illness in immunocompromised patients. Their virulence relies on biofilm formation, enzyme production, and thermal dimorphism. Advances in diagnostics and antifungal testing have improved treatment, yet resistance to azoles and echinocandins is rising. Prevention depends on host immunity, careful antifungal use, and environmental monitoring. Continued research is essential to reduce their impact.

THE EFFICACY OF FRUIT GROWTH REGULATORS ON FRUIT YIELD OF KORDIA AND REGINA VARIETIES

Andrei Lozan — 2025-11-28

The research was carried out in the plantation of the S.R.L. "Staragro Group" company in 2019-2020. The orchard was planted in the spring of 2015. As the object of research were the trees of Kordia and Regina varieties grafted on Gisela 6 rootstock. The following growth regulators were investigated in the research plot: Stimolante 66f (1-NAA, 0.1 g/l), Gobbi Gib 2LG (GA3, 20.54 g/l), ReTain (AVG, 150 g/l). During the research, indicators such as: fruit set, yield, fruit weight and firmness were studied. It was reported that applying ReTain at the dose of 0.8 kg/ha at 30 % tree flowering had a significant effect on fruit set (34.9-35.9 %), yield (11.06-12.34 t/ha) and while decreasing insignificantly the average fruit weight (9.81-10.65 g).

CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN A CASE OF ENDOMETRIAL POLYP

Diana Olimid — 2025-11-28

The subject of this paper is the presentation of a case of uterine bleeding, that occurred on day 20 of the menstrual cycle, in a 30-year-old woman who was examined clinically, ultrasound and with laboratory tests. Transvaginal ultrasound examination revealed the existence of an endometrial polyp. Because the bleeding was very profuse, blind uterine curretage was performed, for hemostatic and biopsy purposes. Histopathological examination of endometrial fragments confirmed polypoid transformation of the uterine mucoasa. The metrorrhagia was complicated by the association with anemia, the patient having a poor nutritional status, and a urinary infection with Escherichia Coli.

PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FRUITS IN SOME SPECIES OF THE CUCURBITACEAE FAMILY

Rodica Soare — 2025-11-28

Cucurbitaceae fruits are known for their low fat and calorie content and high water content. However, they are rich in phytochemical compounds. Understanding their nutritional value is necessary for better utilization and maximizing nutrient intake. In addition, fruits can be harvested in stages, thus ensuring the availability and continuous access to food, an important dimension of food security. This study aims to evaluate the nutritional and phytochemical properties of some Cucurbitaceae species: cucumber (Cucumis sativus), horned cucumber or kiwano (Cucumis metuliferus) and bitter cucumber (Momordica charantia) grown in southwestern Romania. For this, the fruits of the three species were harvested at the green stage. The results showed higher concentrations of TSS in Cucumis sativus (4.5 %) and Cucumis metuliferus (4.6 %), of reducing sugar in Cucumis sativus (2.037 %) and of vitamin C and total phenols in Momordica charantia fruits (11.41 mg/100g ascorbic acid and 104.5 mg GAE/100g, respectively).

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VEGETATIVE AND PHENOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PLUM CULTIVARS 'ANDREEA', 'RECORD', AND 'ČAČANSKA LEPOTICA' GRAFTED ON MIROBOLAN

Valeriu Zanfir — 2025-11-28

This study investigates the vegetative and phenological development of three plum cultivars ('Andreea', 'Record', and 'Cacanska lepotica') grafted on Mirobolan rootstock. Trunk diameter, annual shoot length and number, trunk cross-sectional area, and the budburst and flowering phenophases were monitored over a three-year period. The results highlight significant differences among cultivars: 'Record' showed rapid growth and early flowering, 'Andreea' exhibited slower growth and prolonged flowering, while 'Cacanska lepotica' displayed intermediate characteristics. The integrated analysis indicates varying adaptability of the cultivars to local climatic conditions and underscores the importance of selecting cultivars based on vegetation timing. The study provides valuable data for orchard management and for optimizing plum production.

THERMAL REGIME DURING THE 2025 GROWING SEASON IN THE BANU MĂRĂCINE VINE-GROWING AREA

Constantin Băducă Cîmpeanu — 2025-11-28

This paper presents the results of a study conducted at the University of Craiova, Banu Mărăcine Educational Station, based on data provided by the weather station located in the vineyard. The results obtained show that the year 2025 was particularly warm, the average temperature in the period March 1 - September 30 being 2 0C higher than the average of a 90-year interval (1901 - 1990). The increase in the average temperature in the growing season was due to the summer months and September. This is particularly important because it corresponds to the grape ripening period, which influences not only the quantity but also the quality of grape production, namely the sugar content, acidity and aromas, favorable for obtaining high-quality wines.

STUDY OF CONSUMER ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES TOWARD PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE DISPOSAL

Gilda-Diana Buzatu — 2025-11-28

This study explores consumer perceptions of pharmaceutical waste management, focusing on the reasons behind non-compliance with disposal regulations and the level of awareness regarding environmental and public health risks. A structured questionnaire of 21 items was distributed to 100 individuals, of whom 63 responded (response rate: 63%). The survey included demographic variables, medicine consumption habits, disposal practices, and awareness levels. Results indicate that while most respondents acknowledge the risks of improper disposal, many still discard medicines with household waste rather than using collection points. Younger adults and individuals with higher education demonstrated greater awareness. The findings underline the gap between knowledge and practice, highlighting the urgent need for targeted awareness campaigns, improved infrastructure, and collaborative efforts among government, pharmacies, and the pharmaceutical industry

THE DEGREE OF ATTACK PRODUCED DURING STORAGE BY Sitophilus granarius ON SOME WHEAT GENOTYPES

Cristina Ghiorghe — 2025-11-28

This paper presents the attack by the wheat weevil during seed storage. Sitophilus granarius is an important pest of stored cereals because it causes great damage by destroying the embryo and affecting germination. The biological material consisted of 10 winter wheat genotypes, 8 varieties and 2 lines. The material was analyzed and the frequency of attack, intensity and degree of attack produced by the pest were determined for each genotype in 4 repetitions. The aim of the study was to determine whether there are differences in attack between the studied wheat genotypes. Following statistical analysis, both distinctly significant positive and highly significant positive differences were obtained between the studied wheat genotypes, compared to the Miranda control.

DRY SPICES AS NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS FOR WALNUT OIL

Diana Moigrădean — 2025-11-28

The walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a tree whose fruit has been consumed for millennia in a wide variety of foodstuffs. The walnut kernel is consumed whole and raw, or as an ingredient in a variety of foods (chocolate, cheese, candy, baked goods, etc. Moreover, the cold pressing of walnut kernels results in the extraction of walnut oil, which is characterize by a pronounced and distinctive walnut flavour. The objective of the present study was to determine the antioxidant properties of three assortments of flavoured walnut oil: with garlic (Allium sativum) and black pepper (Piper nigrum), with cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) and raisins and with pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) and black pepper.

BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOME BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN FIVE MAIZE CULTIVARS (ZEA MAYS L.)

Dan Răzvan Popoviciu — 2025-11-28

Five maize hybrids grown in local farms, in Constanța county, were analyzed for determining bioactive compounds contents. They were found to have variable carotenoid contents, between 17–69 mg/kg, with lutein and lycopene being the most important. Phenolic inventory ranged between 6,016-16,326 mg/kg, of which phenolic acids were dominant (77–87%), followed by flavonoids (13–23 %). Ascorbic acid content ranged between 265-682 mg/kg. Free soluble sugars were 20,883–39,134 mg/kg, while lipid oil, with 22,000–36,333 mg/kg.
Among the selected cultivars, DKC 5810 scored highest in terms of total carotenoids, lutein, xanthins, total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids; KWS 4484 also hosted high amounts of phenolics, also scoring highest in terms of tannins, stilbenes and oils; SY Torino was first in terms of lycopene, coumarins, ascorbic acid (but with the lowest phenolic inventory); DKC 4391 had the highest free sugar amount.

THE CULTURE BEHAVIOR OF SOME POTATO CULTIVARS (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) GROWN IN THE POIANA AREEA, CONSTANȚA COUNTY, BETWEEN 2021 AND 2024

Traian Ciprian Stroe — 2025-11-28

The paper presents the results of research conducted between 2021 and 2024 in the vegetable-growing area of Poiana (Constanța County), aiming to evaluate the agronomic performance of five potato cultivars (Arizona, Evolution, Queen Anne, Riviera, and Labella) grown in an early field cropping system under full irrigation conditions.
The main morpho-productive indicators were assessed: number of aerial stems per plant, number of tubers per hill (cluster), average hill weight, and total yield (t/ha). The results revealed significant differences among cultivars. Arizona recorded the highest values for all evaluated parameters (8.3 stems/plant, 12.6 tubers/hill, 42.3 t/ha), followed by Evolution and Queen Anne. Riviera and Labella stood out due to tuber uniformity and earliness, features relevant for fresh market production.
Correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between annual precipitation and yield (r = 0.96), as well as between relative air humidity and yield (r = 0.97). Average annual temperature had a low influence (r = 0.15), suggesting good thermal adaptability of the tested cultivars.
The results support practical recommendations for cultivar selection based on local agroclimatic conditions and cropping system requirements in southeastern Romania.

DYNAMIC MANIFESTATIONS OF DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERE LE CONTE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EXCLUSION OF NEONICOTINOID TREATMENTS IN MAIZE CULTIVATION

Péter-Balázs Ács — 2025-11-28

The suspension of neonicotinoid-based seed treatments in 2025 in Romania has renewed concern regarding the population resurgence of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte), one of the most destructive pests of maize. This study, conducted at the Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS) Livada, evaluates the short-term consequences of eliminating neonicotinoid insecticides on maize root damage, adult density, and lodging incidence. Data from prior experiments (2011) and field observations in 2025 were analyzed to assess pest dynamics under varying climatic and agronomic conditions. Results showed that treatments with neonicotinoids such as clothianidin and imidacloprid (e.g., Poncho 600 FS, Nuprid AL 600 FS) significantly reduced larval populations (up to −34 %) and minimized plant lodging (<1 %). In contrast, the 2025 observations revealed renewed plant lodging (up to 3–4 %) and increased signs of root damage, likely associated with mild winter temperatures and the absence of chemical seed protection. Although differences among green manure types and fertilization treatments were statistically insignificant, these factors showed potential for integration into ecological control strategies. The findings emphasize the need for integrated pest management (IPM) approaches that combine crop rotation, soil amendment, biological control, and resistant hybrids to mitigate the expected resurgence of D. v. virgifera populations following the withdrawal of neonicotinoids.

TRENDS AND RESULTS OF PROJECTS FUNDED UNDER SUBMEASURE 4.1A IN FRUIT GROWING: CASE STUDY IN THE SOUTH-WEST OLTENIA REGION (2016–2019)

Alin Banța — 2025-11-28

This research examines the trends and outcomes of projects funded under sub-measure 4.1a – Investments in fruit farms – implemented in the South-West Oltenia region between 2016 and 2019. The research is based on a quantitative approach, using official statistical data on the number of approved projects, the total value of investments, and their distribution at the county level. The results show a steady increase in interest in accessing European funds, with significant differences between counties, influenced by agricultural potential and the level of information available to beneficiaries. The analysis reveals that most projects focused on modernizing existing orchards and purchasing high-performance technological equipment. The financial support provided contributed to increased productivity, improved production quality, and diversification of cultivated varieties. At the same time, the implementation of the projects stimulated employment in rural areas and supported the maintenance of traditional activities in fruit growing. At the same time, the study points to challenges such as excessive bureaucracy, lack of own co-financing for some farmers, and delays in the implementation of works. The conclusions emphasize the importance of strengthening administrative capacity and advisory support for beneficiaries in order to maximize the effects of funding programs. The research provides a useful database for decision-makers and can guide the formulation of public policies tailored to regional specificities. The study thus contributes to the literature on the impact of European funds on the development of the fruit growing sector in Romania.

ESSENTIAL OIL AND HYDROSOL CONSTITUENTS OF LOPHANTHUS ANISATUS: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Raluca Ciubotărașu — 2025-11-28

Lophanthus anisatus (syn. Agastache foeniculum) produces an essential oil (EO) characterized by high concentrations of phenylpropanoids.The main constituent is estragole (methyl chavicol), which often represents 70–95 % of the oil (Charles et al., 1991; Stefan et al., 2022). Other reported components include limonene, eugenol, methyl eugenol, chavicol, and β-caryophyllene in smaller proportions (Nykänen et al., 1989; Bălănescu et al., 2023). The yield of EO typically ranges between 1.5 % and 2.3 % of dry aerial biomass depending on extraction method and plant organ (Stefan et al., 2022). Hydrosol, the aqueous co-product of hydrodistillation, contains trace volatiles distinct from the EO profile (Xin et al., 2023). While the EO is rich in estragole, hydrosols are enriched in more water-soluble oxygenated compounds such as alcohols and aldehydes (Monsef-Esfahani et al., 2014). This compositional difference suggests that hydrosols may have milder bioactivity compared to the corresponding EO. Nevertheless, EO studies have demonstrated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects linked to its estragole chemotype (Ivanov et al., 2019; Bălănescu et al., 2023). Due to the high estragole content, safety assessments are required because estragole is considered a potential genotoxic carcinogen (EFSA, 2011; EMA, 2023). Overall, L. anisatus EO and hydrosol represent promising resources for herbal, pharmaceutical, and aromatic applications, provided that regulatory considerations are addressed

CHICORY (CICHORIUM INTYBUS): BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND AGRONOMIC POTENTIAL

Maria Crina Isac — 2025-11-28

Cichorium intybus L., known as chicory, is a perennial species with a long history of use in traditional medicine, agriculture and the food industry. The plantain root is an important source of inulin, a prebiotic compound, and the leaves and other organs contain various compounds such as phenolic acids, sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoids that confer anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, chicory has a valuable agronomic potential, as it is an adaptable, rustic species that can be used in sustainable agricultural systems. This paper synthesizes recent data on the biological effects, chemical composition and agroindustrial valorization opportunities of chicory, with an emphasis on its functional and sustainable uses.

SEVERE LATE-ONSET ACNE IN ADULTS: CLINICAL EVOLUTION UNDER SYSTEMIC THERAPY AND THE ROLE OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

Mariana Luminiţa Olaru — 2025-11-28

Acne, one of the most common dermatological conditions, has a multifactorial pathogenesis and variable manifestations, requiring a complex therapeutic approach to prevent scarring and reduce psychosocial impact. This paper presents the case of a 28-year-old female patient with severe inflammatory acne of late onset, resistant to conventional therapies. An individualized systemic protocol, combined with dermato-cosmetic care and photoprotection, led to clinical improvement and a two-month absence of comedones. The patient is undergoing fractional laser therapy for residual scarring. This case underlines the importance of a personalized, multidisciplinary approach integrating medical treatment, psychological support, and aesthetic interventions to improve quality of life.

ASSESSMENT OF THE LOWER JIU RIVER WATER QUALITY

Florentin Dănuț Ristea — 2025-11-28

This study presents the evaluation of Jiu river water quality parameters in the lower course.
The measurements were carried out biannually, representing the dry season (April to July) and the rainy season (September to December). The analysis encompassed physico-chemical parameters that provide a holistic view of river water quality and water contamination levels. The results showed that nitrite and nitrate exceeded the water quality standard, which places the Jiu river in the second quality class, meanwhile, the other parameters were in accordance with the quality standard. Effective continuous river water quality monitoring regarding the quality status and potential pollution of surface waters is essential for sustainable water resource management.

GENETICALLY MODIFIED INSECTS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Ovidiu Andrei Țucă — 2025-11-28

This paper present recent advances in genetically modified (GM) insect research. Genetically modified (GM) insects are a rapidly advancing biotechnology with applications in public health, agriculture, and environmental management. Using tools such as CRISPR/Cas9, transgenesis, and RNA interference, scientists have developed insects with traits that suppress populations, block disease transmission, or reduce crop damage. Compared to chemical pesticides, GM insects offer targeted and sustainable solutions, yet uncertainties remain regarding ecosystem effects, resistance, and social acceptance. Careful research and strong international regulation are required to ensure that the benefits of GM insects are realized while minimizing potential risks.

RESEARCH REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS ON THE QUALITY OF RED WINES FROM RĂTEȘTI, SATU MARE VINEYARD

Alexandru Babiciu — 2025-11-28

The main climatic factors influencing the physiological and biochemical processes that take place during the growth, formation, and ripening of grapes are temperature, humidity, and duration of sun exposure. Grape varieties react differently to temperature variations, and in the context of global warming, the possibility of producing quality red wines has expanded to new wine-growing areas in northern Romania. Light is another important factor, especially in red wine production. Humidity and rainfall allow grapes to grow during the summer and accumulate sugars, mineral salts, and acidity in the grape berries. The study attempts to present the influence of these factors throughout 2024 on the quality of red wines from the Rătești vineyard in Satu Mare.

BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN PLANT DEFENSE

Luminița Bușe-Dragomir — 2025-11-28

Plants, being autotrophic organisms fixed in the soil, cannot move to avoid stress factors. However, they have developed during evolution a series of effective means of defense, both against biotic factors and abiotic (drought, radiation, extreme temperatures).
Plants of the species Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior were studied to observe how the hydrogen peroxide content changes under the influence of thermal stress (high temperatures). An increase in peroxide content was found at high temperatures, a greater difference compared to the control observed in Fraxinus excelsior, which is better adapted to high temperatures. The salicylic acid content determined in the species Salix alba and Filipendula ulmaria varied depending on the age of the plants and climatic conditions, being higher in young plants and organs and under conditions of thermal and water stress.

VARIABILITY OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTION CHARACTERS IN SOME BASIL GENOTYPES

Maria Dinu — 2025-11-28

The pharmacological properties of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) make this plant a green pharmacy that has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, wound healing and antiviral properties possessing a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals, including alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides, steroids and glycosides. In this study, 11 genotypes from different areas of the world and a variety obtained at BRGV Buzău cultivated in 2022 in the Teaching Field of the Faculty of Horticulture in Craiova were used. The morphological characters analyzed placed the genotypes in different classes. Considerable variations were observed between individual genotypes, which were predominantly due to the morphological characters of the plant and obviously to the amount of vegetative mass obtained. The most representative character was the production of fresh and dry biomass, highlighting 3 genotypes with a production of over 2000 g/plant and 5 genotypes with over 1000 g/plant.

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TAP WATER AND SPIRITUALLY USED WATERS (HOLY WATER AND BASIL WATER) AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE IRRIGATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TUBEROSE CULTURE (Polianthes tuberosa)

Emilian Mirea — 2025-11-28

This experimental study analyzes the influence of the physico-chemical properties of waters with different origins and symbolic significance on the morphological and physiological characteristics of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa )crops. Three types of water - tap drinking water, basil-infused water, and holy water - were characterized based on physico-chemical parameters (pH, conductivity, mineral content, redox potential) and used for the controlled irrigation of plants under standardized experimental conditions.
The tuberose crop irrigated with tap water showed a normal growth rate but medium floral density. Basil water irrigation enhanced vegetative vigor and leaf coloration, suggesting a possible bioactive effect of volatile compounds present in the infusion. Holy water irrigation led to visibly improved floral symmetry, an increased number of inflorescences, and earlier blooming. The results suggest that modified physico-chemical parameters - potentially influenced by symbolic or biochemical charges - can positively modulate tuberose development. This exploratory study lays the groundwork for investigating the interaction between material and immaterial factors in agrotechnics, opening interdisciplinary directions in horticulture, biophysics, and environmental sciences.

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY THERMAL AND WATER STRESS IN SWEET POTATO GROWN IN SOUTHWEST ROMANIA

Alina-Nicoleta Paraschiv — 2025-11-28

This scientific paper presents the results of a study carried out at Dăbuleni Research-Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands, in 2023, regarding the physiological changes in sweet potato plants grown in Southwest Romania, on sandy soils and in different irrigation regimes. In the phenophase of intense growth of tuberous roots, determinations were made regarding the rate of photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance in correlation with air temperature and solar radiation. Dabu 23 variety recorded the highest values for all the indices studied and the most sensitive variety to heat and water stress was found to be Ro-Ch-M.

STUDY OF THE MAIN TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME NETHERLAND BEER VARIETIES

Felicia Stoica — 2025-11-28

Netherlands beer, known for brands such as Heineken, Amstel, Grolsch, but also for a wide range of craft beers (lager, blonde, ale, stout, etc.), deserves a systematic analysis from a technological and sensory perspective. This study analyzed 10 types of craft beer produced in the Netherlands, including 7 lagers and 3 stouts, with a focus on analyzing the main chemical components and, especially, conducting a sensory analysis. A first observation, from a chemical composition perspective, is that all dark beers and three of the seven light beers had a much higher alcohol content compared to Romanian Stas beer. In terms of acidity, all values obtained for lagers, with the exception of two, are close to those of Romanian STAS beers. In terms of sensory analysis, dark beers successfully fell into all the categories analyzed and were considered exceptional.

ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTE ON THE ATYPICAL BREEDING OF THE SPECIES STREPTOPELIA DECAOCTO (FRIVALDSZKY, 1838) IN THE URBAN HABITAT OF THE CITY OF CRAIOVA (ROMANIA)

Carmen Daniela Bălescu — 2025-11-28

This article documents an uncommon breeding case of the Eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) in an urban environment, specifically referring to nesting in a flowerpot containing ornamental plants, located on a balcony approximately 6 meters above ground level, in the Rovine district of Craiova, Romania. The main aspects of breeding are presented: nest building, egg laying, incubation, hatching, and the stages of development of the chicks until they leave the nest. The observations were made between July 26 and August 27, 2023. The data presented complement the information in the specialized literature regarding the adaptive behavior of this species in the context of urbanization. The observations described may also be relevant to understanding the dynamics of synanthropic species or may be useful for urban biodiversity management.

CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY ARRAY REQUIREMENTS TO CORRELATE SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF ALGAL BLOOM SEVERITY WITH BLOOM-GENERATED HYPOXIA

Vily Marius Cimpoiașu — 2025-11-28

Aerial and spaceborne instruments have increased the ability to monitor algal blooms frequently and in large water bodies. But such remote sensing methods cannot inform about toxic outcomes of severe algal blooms such as hypoxia, ammonia, hydrogen sulphide and phycotoxins. We developed a robust and low-cost cyclic voltammetry multielectrode instrument (called SPEAR) for automated monitoring of redox parameters. This instrument produces information about the evolution of oxic/anoxic and oxic/sulphidic transition zones in the water/sediment column. We present requirements and calibration of a SPEAR64-based array with 300 m XY resolution, similar to the OLCI instruments from Sentinel-3 satellites. We discuss how SPEAR array results can enhance the interpretation of spectral-based algal blooms analyses, with regards to predicting hypoxia and hydrogen sulphide in water.

IMPROVING PRODUCTION YIELD OF LONG PEPPER CROP GROWN IN UNHEATED SOLAR THROUGH SUSTAINABLE FERTILIZATION

Simona Hogea — 2025-11-28

Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is a cultivated legume species belonging to the Solanaceae family, widely cultivated in many regions of the world, due to its important nutritional and economic qualities. Adequate plant nutrition plays an important role for vigorous growth, increased production yield and fruit quality. This study aimed to identify essential elements for the nutrition of a long pepper crop established in an unheated solar, in the Dobreni locality, Giurgiu county. In this regard, soil samples were taken both before the establishment of the crop and after its dismantling. The analysis of the first soil sample recorded a low ammonium content, high amounts of sodium, calcium, phosphorus, nitrates and nitrites. Fertilization recommendations were made to correct the amounts of the main nutrients analyzed. After applying the recommended fertilizers, a soil sample was taken again to compare the results with the first sample.

NEWLY INTRODUCED ROSE CULTIVARS IN ROSARIUM OF THE BOTANIC GARDEN "D. BRANDZA", UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST

Eduard Marius Negulici — 2025-11-28

Botanic Garden Rosarium, like all the roses collections around the world, is trying to bring new cultivars in order to enrich the existing collection. Like in 2008 when the big change of the Rosarium started, adding every year new cultivars, this year we are introducing 5 new cultivars of roses that will attract visitors for many years to come. They are planted in the middle of the Rosarium so none shall be missed. Some are very fragrant like ‘Minerva’ or ‘Brocéliande’ and others catch your eye with interesting petals like ‘Poseidon’, our main concern is to bring new cultivars every year in order to impress rose lovers every season. They are part of the hybrid tea and floribunda (Quest-Ritson B. 2008).

BIOLOGY OF SOME SPONTANEOUS PLANT SPECIES WITH ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE FROM THE LOCATION OF GÂNGIOVA – DOLJ

Daniel Răduțoiu — 2025-11-28

The present paper addresses a topic of scientific and practical interest concerning the identification of spontaneous flora and its potential capitalization in the Gângiova area.
A significant share of the spontaneous plants in the area are used by the local inhabitants for medicinal and ornamental purposes, as well as in human nutrition and livestock feed.
Most of the species presented in the paper can be used as ornamental plants. Their decorative importance is given especially by the flowers and inflorescences.
The analysis of the economic importance of the spontaneous flora within the area of Gângiova settlement revealed that it currently continues to decline. The zoological-anthropogenic factor constitutes the main contributor to this downward trend.

THE METHODOLOGY VALUE FOR LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE CONCEPTS

Andreea Trif — 2025-11-28

This paper explores the challenges of transferring substance and meaning into the conceptualization of form in landscape architecture. Positioned at the intersection of art and utility, architecture in all its forms ultimately concerns people and their quality of life. Consequently, teaching students project techniques becomes a way of guiding them to understand space and to assign meaning to new uses. How could we trasfer value and eliminate kitsch? Which are the main instruments to eliminate the dull and ugly? This article presents the main approaches employed in teaching landscape architecture students at the University of Craiova, aiming to help them achieve a solid understanding of the discipline’s mission.

ADVANCES IN CHERRY BREEDING AT UASVM BUCHAREST

Adrian Asănică — 2025-11-28

Research on cherry assortment, the quality of the varieties and avoiding the market bottleneck with fresh cherries for a short period are few important objectives for sweet cherry improvement. In order to meet some of these objectives, starting with 2013, at the UASVM Bucharest, in the S-E part of Romania, hybridizations and hybrid selections were carried out, ending with a series of promising hybrid selections. At the Didactic Research and Development Station for Viticulture and Fruit Growing Pietroasa-Istrița (DRDSVFG Pietroasa-Istrita), as well as in the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Horticulture (EFFH), starting from 1994 Romanian and foreign cherry varieties, provided on the basis of bilateral agreements for the exchange of genetic material, were preserved and evaluated.

TECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF ANCESTRAL ROMANIAN GRAPEVINE VARIETIES AND PROSPECTS FOR THEIR REINTRODUCTION INTO CULTIVATION

Alexandra Daniela Bucur — 2025-11-28

This paper presents the evaluation of the technological potential of old indigenous grapevine varieties, in the context of wine market globalization and climate change. Conducted between 2020-2024 in the Valea Călugărească viticultural center (Dealu Mare vineyard), the study focused on five traditional varieties: Bășicată, Gordin, Gordin gurguiat, Negru vîrtos and Vulpea. The results were compared with historical data from 1945 – 1956, when these varieties produced low-alcohol, low-acidity wines with limited character. The impact of climatic conditions during the analyzed period, marked by high heliothermal values and water stress, led to increased sugar levels in grapes. Based on the findings, two white wine varieties (Gordin and Gordin gurguiat) and one red wine variety (Negru vîrtos) were identified as having high-performance grape quality characteristics.

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE PRODUCTION OBTAINED DEPENDING ON THE IRRIGATION RATE APPLIED TO SWEET POTATO CROP IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA

Gheorghe Coteț — 2025-11-28

This scientific paper presents the results of a study carried out at Dăbuleni Research-Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands in 2024, regarding the production obtained at sweet potato plants grown in Southwest Romania, on sandy soils and in different irrigation regimes. The average productions obtained by the four varieties depending on the irrigation variant showed the productive potential of the Koretta variety, which achieved statistically assured productions as very significant in two of the three variants, respectively in V 1 (production increase of 30.64 t/ha compared to the control variety Dabu 23) and in V 2 (production increase of 23.96 t/ha).

ASSESSING STUDENTS' PERCEPTION OF MULTISENSORY LANDSCAPING

Andreea Melinescu — 2025-11-28

The study examines the perceptions of students in the fields of architecture, landscape and engineering on multisensory landscape design and its impact on well-being. The results show that the sense of sight is considered the most important, followed by smell and hearing, while taste is perceived as the least relevant. The majority of respondents experienced positive sensory reactions, associated with relaxation, inner peace and connection with nature. The study highlights the potential of multisensory design to reduce stress and anxiety and contribute to improved well-being in urban environments.

WATER APPLICATION PERFORMANCE OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS USED IN SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION IN SEMI-ARID KONYA PROVINCE, TÜRKİYE

Sayman Osman — 2025-11-28

In this research, water application performance of drip irrigation systems for sugar beet irrigation at two different areas namely Sarayönü and Altınekin, located at Konya province of Türkiye, was assessed. In that context, 10 drip irrigation systems in different farms were examined. Uniformity Coefficient (UC) and Emission Uniformity (EU) as watering uniformity indicators were studied. In addition, amount of applied water by farmers and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were also investigated. In results, UC values were determined between 86.64 % and 98.20 % so watering performance of tested drippers varied from GOOD to EXCELLENT accordingly. EU values were calculated between 82.41 % and 97.80 % so watering uniformity varied from GOOD to EXCELLENT in accordance of EU values. The applied water by farmers was between 626 mm and 932 mm and IWUE varied from 6.9 to 9.6 kg/m3. As a result, design of drip irrigation systems and operational performance were stated as main factors for differentiation in water application homogeneities.

RESARCHES REGARDING THE ENTOMOFAUNA OF CETATE AREA- DOLJ COUNTY

Cătălin Stan — 2025-11-28

From our observation regarding the entomofauna of Cetate area, during the research, 127 species of Arthropods were identified (belonging to the orders: Acari, Orthoptera, Dermaptera, Thysanoptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Odonata, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera).

TREE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR HIGH-DENSITY CHERRY PLANTATIONS

Valerian Balan — 2025-11-28

This research orchards were established in the central (2015) and northern (2018) areas of the Republic of Moldova, using Black Star, Regina, Summit and Sweet Sharetta varieties, grafted on Gisela 6 rootstock. For each variety- rootstock combination and training system, varying densities were established, ranging from 1250 trees/ha (for thin-stem, cup, Kym Green Bush) to 2500 trees/ha (for thin-stem, improved thin-stem, structured vertical axis). Black Star, grown under the thin-stem system, obtained the highest yields between 9.39 and 10.92 t/ha at the age of 7-10 years. For varieties Regina, Summit and Sweet Sharetta planted at 4x1 m spacing, the improved thin spindle crown shape had a modest impact on productivity, but provided important benefits on fruit size uniformity along the entire length of the axis. The thin spindle crown shapes and the vertical axis crown shape proved to be less efficient in distributing fruit evenly along the axis

STUDY OF THE PRODUCT DESIGN AND PACKAGING DESIGN FOR CHOCOLATE COOKIES

Ramona Căpruciu — 2025-11-28

Cookies are one of the most essential products in the pastry and confectionery sector. Their aesthetic and nutritional importance are significant for customers. Thus, the nutritional importance attributed to the composition, combined with the attractive appearance provided by the product design and packaging, results in an extremely varied range of products.
The creation of the food-packaging biocomponent system for the product chocolate cookies starts with obtaining the constituent elements (biscuits, cream) according to the classic recipe and creating an entirely new, innovative packaging, resulting in the creation of an attractive bi-component ensemble based on quality, which meets current consumer demands in terms of nutritional labeling, modern graphics, company logo, viewing window, and other elements of food importance.

WATER UTILISATIONS IN LANDSCAPE APPLICATION IN CRAIOVA CITY

Marius Gruia — 2025-11-28

Water is one of the most important components in natural landscapes and occupies an important position in the design or creation of green spaces, especially parks. Rivers, lakes, all this enriches the landscape making it particularly versatile and picturesque combined with vegetation. The formation of compositions park water mirror separates as one of the leading details. Composition importance of water surfaces is so high that in the absence of natural water mirror is necessary to examine the possibility of construction of artificial lakes and reservoirs and fountains. Water surface is irresistibly appealing decoration of any garden, and is one of the most important natural components. The water like no other element in the garden, imports in the space particularly attractive changes that reflect the environment, sounds and movements.

STUDY ON THE LEVELS OF KEY QUALITY PARAMETERS IN RED WINES

Camelia Muntean — 2025-11-28

The study aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical and chromatic parameters of red wines obtained in the Segarcea vineyard during 2023, from Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Marcelan, and Fetească Neagră varieties. The determinations included alcoholic strength, glycerol content, non-reducing dry extract, mineral substances, as well as chromatic parameters – color intensity, hue, and flavylium cation percentage. The results highlight the compositional balance and authenticity of the wines, showing the influence of pedoclimatic and technological factors on quality. The study emphasizes the importance of applying modern analytical methods for the complete characterization of wines and for supporting their oenological and commercial value.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN NINE CORN CULTIVARS (ZEA MAYS L.)

Marius-Daniel Radu — 2025-11-28

Grains from nine corn cultivars locally grown in Constanța county were analyzed for antioxidant activity: P 0023, P 0216, P 0710 and P 9415, DKC 4109, DKC 4391, DKC 5810, KWS 4484, and SY Torino.
SY Torino (34.33 %) and P 0710 (31.38 %) had the highest average radical scavenging percentage, while DKC 4109 (26.03 %) and KWS 4484 (24.12 %) also showed high values. The lowest antioxidant activity was found in P 0023 and DKC 5810 (below 6 %).
Results are comparable to other known corn cultivars. Reported to dry tissue biomass, all hybrids are strongly antioxidant.

RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL AND SPIRITUAL FACTORS ON WATER CRYSTALLIZATION

Dumitru-Mitel Toma — 2025-11-28

This experimental study investigates the morphogenesis of ice crystals in water subjected to differing environmental and spiritual contexts. Three water types—municipal tap water, Ocimum basilicum-infused water, and holy water—were frozen at −20°C under controlled conditions and analyzed using optical microscopy (100–400x). Tap water produced irregular, fragmented crystals with low organizational symmetry. Basil water exhibited more defined radial structures and partial hexagonal symmetry, suggesting a biological influence. Holy water displayed highly ordered, symmetrical hexagonal crystals with exceptional clarity. These distinct morphologies indicate that crystallization processes may be modulated by both physicochemical and non-conventional parameters. The findings offer preliminary support for the hypothesis that water's structural coherence may respond to subtle environmental inputs, thereby encouraging further inquiry within an interdisciplinary scientific framework.

PRODUCTION COSTS AND FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY OF BLACK CHOKEBERRY CULTIVATION IN ROMANIA

Ileana Andreica — 2025-11-28

In recent years, Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott has attracted increasing attention due to its health benefits, resilience in cultivation, and rising demand in the global “superfood” market. This study investigates the economic profitability of establishing and managing an aronia plantation in Romania, with a focus on a 7-year cash-flow analysis for one hectare scenario between 2023 and 2030. Data were collected through documentary analysis of international market reports, technical project estimates, and economic modeling. Results indicate that although the first two years are financially challenging due to negative cash flow, plantations reach the break-even point in year four, with subsequent annual cash flows exceeding €30,000/ha under favorable yield and pricing conditions.

THE INFLUENCE OF CULTIVAR AND POTTING MIXTURES ON ROOTING ABILITY OF FIG CUTTINGS AND SEEDLING GROWTH

Orsolya Borsai — 2025-11-28

This research aimed to assess the rooting ability and early growth of five fig cultivars (‘Brogiotto Bianco’, ‘Matalone’, ‘Verdino’, ‘Turca’, and ‘Lungo del Portogallo’) using three media: peat + perlite (2:1; M1), peat + coconut fiber (2:1; M2), and perlite (M3, control). A total of 450 stem cuttings were rooted under cold greenhouse conditions. Rooting percentage and seedling performance differed significantly (p < 0.05) among treatments. Perlite (M3) achieved the highest rooting rates, up to 88.9 %, while peat peat-based media supporting subsequent seedling growth. M1 improved root length and promoted greater shoot elongation in some cultivars. ‘Lungo del Portogallo’ showed superior vigor, reaching 49.7 cm in M1. Results indicate strong genotype and substrate interactions, highlighting perlite as most reliable for rooting as compared to other mixtures.

EVALUATION OF THE MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF FRESH AND PASTEURIZED MILK

Alexandru Radu Corbu — 2025-11-28

Milk, due to its chemical composition and the high degree of digestibility of the components, holds an important place in the rational diet of man, being one of the most accessible sources of protein of animal origin, with a superior biological value. At the same time, milk is an ideal medium for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms, which can lead to changes in taste and smell, color, texture and even its sanitary value. The present study makes a comparison between fresh (raw) milk and pasteurized milk, in terms of the total number of germs, which an important microbiological indicator in determining the quality of milk.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF VITIS VINIFERA L. GENOTYPES BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL, AGROBIOLOGICAL, AND PHENOLOGICAL TRAITS

Andreea Elena Manolescu — 2025-11-28

The phenological and morphological diversity of grapevine in Romania provides opportunities for conservation and breeding. This study characterized five Vitis vinifera L. accessions (‘Radames’, ‘Leana’, ‘Rodi’, ‘Triumf’, and ‘Syrah’) from the germplasm collection of INCDBH Ștefănești–Argeș. Characterization followed OIV (2023) descriptors, focusing on varietal traits and accessions' phenology. The main stages (budburst, flowering, veraison, ripening) were recorded, and earliness was analyzed. Morphological and phenological data allowed cultivar differentiation and highlighted adaptation patterns. Cluster analysis (UPGMA), based on Euclidean distances, identified three distinct groups, demonstrating morphological and phenological diversity. The results support documentation and conservation of grapevine genetic resources and sustainable viticulture and breeding programs.

CLINICAL, ULTRASOUND AND MORPHOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATIONS IN A CASE OF METRORRHAGIA OCCURING IN A PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMAN

Diana Olimid — 2025-11-28

The paper presents the case of a 47-year-old perimenopausal woman who presented with metrorrhagia occuring after a 2-month period of amenorrhea. The patient was investigated through anamnesis, clinical examination, transvaginal ultrasound, endometrial biopsy and blood tests. The ultrasound showed blood inside the uterine cavity, a 7.5 mm thick endometrium and 2 follicles in the structure of the left ovary, the right one being absent due to surgical ablation. After 16 days of continuous metrorrhagia, uterine curettage was performed. Histopathological examination revealed endometrial hyperplasia without atypia and uterine leiomyoma fragments

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE PATHOGEN ALTERNARIA CAPSICI IN BELL PEPPER CROP IN GREENHOUSE

Gabriela Șovărel — 2025-11-28

Romanian agricultural research gives special importance to the development of technologies for the cultivation of vegetables grown in ecological agriculture.
This paper presents the biological control of Alternaria capsici pathogen on bell pepper cultivated in greenhouse, using Cavaler 600SL (microorganisms Bacillus pumillus and Bacillus subtilis) 0.3 %; Amulet (microorganisms Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megatherium) 40 l/ha; Zytron (citrus seed extract 20 %) 0.15 %; Mimoten ( Mimosa tenuifolia 80 % extract) 0.3 %. The efficacy of biological products varied between 68.08% (Zytron 1,5 l/ha) and 94.38 % (Amulet 40 l/ha ) in controlling this pathogen on leaves. It is recommended biological products in case of low attack or preventive when conditions are favorable for the attack.