MORPHOLOGICAL AND QUALITY CHARACTHERISTICS OF MULBERRY (MORUS SPP.) UNDER CONDITIONS OF MOARA DOMNEASCĂ, ROMANIA

Abstract

This study evaluates the biometric and qualitative characteristics of mulberry (Morus spp.) fruits from two reference cultivars (‘Riviera’ and ‘Beautiful Day’) and seven ex situ genotypes cultivated at Moara Domnească Farm, Ilfov County, Romania. Fruit traits including length, weight, diameter, and soluble solids content (°Brix) were measured, and data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and correlation tests. Results showed that ‘Riviera’ produced the longest and heaviest fruits, while ‘Beautiful Day’ displayed intermediate values. Ex situ genotypes were generally smaller, though ExS-G6 stood out with higher sweetness (17.3 °Brix) despite moderate fruit size. ANOVA revealed significant differences among cultivars for length, weight, and diameter (p < 0.01), but not for °Brix. Training system (open center vs. layered palmette) had no significant influence on morphometric traits or fruit acidity. ‘Beautiful Day’ exhibited higher pH values than black-fruited ones, indicating lower acidity. These findings highlight the potential of specific ex situ genotypes, particularly ExS-G6, as valuable resources for breeding and direct consumption, while confirming Riviera’s superiority for fruit size and productivity.